低温环境下持续性军事职业活动对抑制控制能力的影响*

目的: 评定低温环境下持续性军事职业活动对抑制控制能力的影响,为精准军事运动训练提供依据。方法: 20名健康男性青年学员,平均年龄:(23.32±1.62)岁;身高:(175.34±4.14)cm;体重:(68.19±3.12 )kg,分别在常温(16℃~23℃)和低温(-3℃~-1℃)环境下,持续36 h时间内完成多项军事课目,记录全程RR间期和核心温度,活动前后进行斯特鲁普色词测试、闪光融合临界频率测试。结果: 与安静状态相比,两次军事职业活动中的心率、运动后的过氧消耗和运动冲量值均显著增加(P＜0.05),但两次活动之间并无显著差异(P＞0.05);与安静值相比,两次活动平均核心温度和最大核心温度均显著增加(P＜0.05),与常温环境相比,低温环境下核心温度的平均值显著增加(P＜0.05),但最大核心温度无显著差异(P＞0.05);与安静状态相比,两次活动后抑制控制能力均显著降低(P＜0.05),且低温环境下显著低于常温环境(P＜0.05)。另外,与安静状态相比,两次活动均导致明显的精神疲劳(P＜0.05),低温环境下更为严重(P＜0.05)。结论: 持续性军事职业活动可损害抑制控制能力,并引发精神疲劳,冷应激会加重负性影响。

The effects of sustained military occupational activities on inhibitory control ability in low temperature environment

Objective: To evaluate the effects of sustained military occupational activities on inhibitory control ability in low temperature environment, which could provide a basis for accurate military physical training. Methods: Twenty healthy male young cadets (mean age: (23. 32±1. 62)y; height: (175. 34±4. 14)cm; body weight: (68. 19±3. 12)kg) were enrolled in this experiment. A number of military tasks last 36 hours were completed in the ordinary (16℃～23℃) and low(-3℃～-1℃) temperature environment, and the RR interval and core temperature were recorded. The stroop-word-color test and critical frequency test were performed before and after the activities. Results: Compared with rest, the heart rate, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and training impulse were increased significantly (P＜0. 05) in military occupational activities, however there was no significant difference between the two activities (P＞0. 05). Compared with the rest, the average and maximum core temperature were increased significantly (P＜0. 05), however, compared with the ordinary temperature environment, the average core temperature in the low temperature environment was increased significantly (P＜0. 05), and there was no significant difference in the maximum core temperature (P＞0. 05). Compared with rest, the inhibitory control ability after the two activities was significantly lower (P＜0. 05), which was much worse in the low temperature environment than that in the ordinary temperature environment (P＜0. 05). In addition, compared with rest, both activities led to obvious mental fatigue (P＜0. 05), which was more serious in low temperature environment (P＜0. 05). Conclusion: The sustained military activities can impair the inhibitory control ability, and cause the mental fatigue, in addition, the stress of low temperature can aggravate the negative effects.