热带雨林退化生态系统生物多样性消失与修复探讨

热带雨林退化生态系统的主要类型有：（１）人工生态系统；（２）次生森林生态系统和（３）片断森林生态系统等。在退化生态系统中，物种多样性的损失与人类干扰程度、频率和持续时间密切相关；而在片断的热带雨林中则随着环境变化强度的加大和持续时间的延长而增加。退化生态系统的修复主要在于减少人类的干扰、改善地区性的环境和在保护与发展相结合的原则下，采取多种有效的综合措施。尊重当地民族生物多样性传统管理经验，实行封

THE LOSS AND RESTORATION OF BIODIVERSITY IN DEGRADED TROPICAL RAINFOREST ECOSYSTEMS

The main types of degraded ecosystems existed in Southern Yunnan of China and the neighbouring countries as Laos and Myanma are as follows: (1) different man-made ecosystems; (2) various secondary ecosystems and (3) different sizes of fragmental forest etc. In degraded ecosystems, the size of biodiversity loss directly relates with the strength, frequency and temporal lasting of human interference. And in fragmental tropical rainforest, the loss of biodiversity is increasing with the increasing strength and temporal lasting of environmental change. Even in the big area of tropical rainforest, biodiversity is reduced as well. Dealing with very complex aspects of social economic developments and natural sciences, the restoration of degraded ecosystems is quite difficult. The efficient solution, therefore, needs the joint efforts of decision makers, scientists and public especially the indigenous communities. The main measures for restoration of degraded ecosystems are to reduce human interference to improve local environments and adopt various efficient methods based on the intedgrated conservation and development such as respecting and improving indigenous knowledge on the biodiversity management, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, developing the agro-forestry system, clearing some invading species of the ecosystems and reintroducing some dominant species, character species and keystone species into degraded ecosystems, etc.