水稻雄性半不育突变体的细胞学观察

TP-2是由水稻品种台北309自然突变的雄性半不育突变体。解剖小花后观察发现,突变体花药细长,干瘪,白色透明状,雌蕊正常。花粉活力检测结果表明:突变体水稻平均花粉粒活力率为57.599%,1个花粉囊里的花粉粒平均有436粒;正常材料台北309水稻平均花粉活力率为94.177%,1个花粉囊里的花粉粒有798粒。组织切片观察发现:突变体水稻从小孢子母细胞发育到减数分裂结束,和正常株相比较在形态上无显著差异,小孢子形成初期出现异常,绒毡层快速消融,小孢子在其发育过程中因得不到营养不能正常发育,产生的小孢子干瘪,呈不规则状,同时部分小孢子产生破裂消融现象,绒毡层不能正常降解可能是导致TP-2水稻小孢子异常发育的主要原因。通过以上观察,对进一步揭示TP-2突变体的不育机制提供了基本资料,对该材料的组配奠定了基础。

Cytology Observation on the Male Semi-sterile Mutant of Rice

TP-2 is a spontaneous semi-sterile mutant of TP309 which is a variety of rice(Oryza sativa).The filaments of small flower are slender,the anthers are shriveled in white and transparent,the development of female organ is normal.Pollen viability shows that the pollen viability of mutant is 57.599%,much lower than that of control group(94.177%),the pollen grains in TP-2 pollensac 436,much lower than that of control group(798).Paraffin section shows that the development from microspore mother cell to the end of meiosis on TP-2 mutant rice is normal,compared with the normal strains in the form.However,in the early microspore formation,rapid melting of tapetum,the process of microspore development lack of nutrition can not develop normally,resulting in a small dry spore.It has irregular shape,while some small spores have broken ablation phenomenon.May be the main reasons of abnormal development of small spores on TP-2 rice is the tapetum does not degrade normally.The observation provides basic material to mutant infertility of TP-2 and lays the foundation of TP-2.