洞庭平原农房家鼠的栖息格局

洞庭平原农房主要有褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠。鼠密度最高为厨房, 其次为杂屋, 卧室和堂屋较低。房屋的不同地面对鼠密度与鼠种组成都有影响, 地面用水泥硬化后房间的鼠密度明显低于普通未硬化泥土地面,硬化地面以小家鼠为主, 泥土地面以褐家鼠占优势。不同结构房屋的鼠密度亦有差异, 砖混结构的鼠密度明显低于土木结构; 其鼠种组成也不同, 砖混结构的房屋小家鼠占优势, 土木结构房屋则褐家鼠与小家鼠比例相当。房屋地面的硬化对害鼠的影响比房屋结构的改变要大。综合来看, 鼠密度最高的房间为泥土地面+ 土木结构的厨房; 鼠密度最低为硬化地面+ 砖混结构的堂屋。通常, 在家具等物品摆放整洁、食物与水源少的硬化地面的房间鼠密度较低, 且以小家鼠占优势; 在杂物堆放较多、脏乱差的泥土地面房间的鼠密度较高。因此, 在防治中应根据不同的环境条件、不同的鼠密度和优势鼠种, 采取相应的防治对策, 以取得最佳防治效果。

Habitation Pattern in Farmhouse of the House Rodents in Dongting Plain Area

An investigation was carried out on habitation pattern of rodent pests inhabiting in residential premises in countryside in Dongting plain area of Hunan Province, China. The result of the investigation indicated that Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Rattus flavipectus were the main rodent species inhabiting in farmhouse. Generally, the trap-successes are the highest in the kitchen, followed by hovel, and the lowest are in bedroom. The investigation indicated that the types of floors and the building structures of farmhouses were the factors influencing the activity and habitation of rodent pests. The trap successes of rodent pests in the houses with fired brick wall and concrete floor were low and the species trapped were mainly house mice. However, the trap successes in the houses with clay brick or wood wall and clay floor were much higher and the species trapped were mainly Norway rats with high proportion of house mice. Moreover, the living standard and living custom of farmers also affected the activities and inhabitation of rodent pests. The rodent densities were much lower in tidy and clean houses and the dominant species were house mice rather than Norway rats.Therefore, in order to have the best rodent pest control, relevant control measures should be employed according to various environmental conditions such as building structures of the farmhouses, living customs of farmers, rodent density, and dominant rodent species.