The effect of modified eros centre, outdoor raising or conventional group housing on breeding gilts and its effects on reproductive performance over four parities

The present study was conducted in a large Croatian "built up unit". The objective of the study was to determine if an indoor modified eros centre (MEC) compared to indoor or outdoor group housing of gilts, influenced the onset of puberty of gilts and the reproductive performance of the evaluated females (n = 783) over four parities. The gilts were from the same nucleus herd. Gilts of same age (140-150 days of age), body condition (body condition score of 3-4) and similar genetics (four-way cross females), during the same season (January to April 1999), were randomly divided at arrival into three groups and treated as follows:MEC gilts (n = 279): These were placed into indoor MEC pens in groups of 8-10. The gilts had continuous fenceline contact to boars (one boar to two groups of gilts, boars were changed daily) and to shortly weaned oestrous sows. Gilts were regrouped and dislocated at 10-day intervals. Outdoor gilts (n = 263): These were kept in groups of 8-10 on a large pasture (80-100 m2 per group). The animals had fenceline contact to mature boar for 5-10 min daily. Control indoor gilts (n = 241): These were housed indoors in large pens in groups of 8-10. The animals had fenceline contact to mature boars for 5-10 min daily. Each outdoor group had an insulated hut with straw bedding. All gilts were fed ad libitum with the same commercial diet. Housing gilts in MEC resulted in earlier (P < 0.001) onset of estrus (MEC: 174.8 +/- 2.4 days, indoor group housing: 207.6 +/- 4.1 days, outdoor group housing: 187.4 +/- 2.1 days) and lower (P < 0.001) farrowing rate to first service (MEC: 70.97%, indoor group housing: 89.73%, outdoor group housing: 89.62%). Farrowing rate of regularly returning MEC gilts to second service was 95.00%. First total-born litter size, first liveborn litter size, first wean-to-estrus interval (WEI), percent of sows bred after first weaning, second total-born litter size, second liveborn litter size, average third and fourth total-born and liveborn litter size, number of sows having four litters, number of litters per sow, total number of pigs per sow, total number of liveborn pigs per sow showed no significant differences between the groups. More (P < 0.05) sows were culled in outdoor group. Compared to MEC and outdoor housing, indoor housed sows suffered higher (P < 0.05) percentage of anoestrus.