试谈禾本科植物生殖器官主要性状的分类价值及其适用等级

生殖器官性状一直是禾本科植物分类的主要依据,但由于各个性状所附实体的形态特点、着生位置、发育程度和环境饰变的差异,其分类价值是不尽相同的。为了克服该类性状使用上的种种弊病,本文特对主要宏观性状的分类价值进行了评述,总结了它们在应用中各自适宜的等级范围。其中象花序的类型、小穗的着生、小花和果实的形状等价值较高,通常适合于族级以上类群的划分;花序的形状、小穗的排列、果实的类型等价值偏低,通常适合于属、种级类群的区分;而花序的长短与粗细、小穗轴、内稃等价值较低,通常适合于种级或种级之下类群的鉴分。

A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE TAXONOMIC VALUES OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN OF POACEAE AND THEIR RANKS SUITABLE FOR DIFFERENTIATING TAXA

The characters of reproductive organ have been the main evidences for the classification of Poaceae, but they are not totally equal in the taxonomic value because of the differences of their dependencies in morphological trait, growth position, developmental degree and environmental alteration. In order to overcome the various drawbacks in applying character, author discussed the taxonomic values of main macroscopic characters in the paper, and summarized their ranks suitable for differentiating taxa. In them, the type of inflorescence, position of spikelet, shape of floscule and fruit, and so on are of high value to classification, and usually suitable to the taxa above the rank of tribe; the shape of inflorescence, arrangement of spikelet, type of fruit, and so forth are slightly low in value, and usually suitable to the taxa from genus to species; the length and thickness of inflorescence, rachilla, palea, and the like are low in value, and usually suitable to the species or infraspecific taxa.