追踪物种丧失•聚焦生态超载•共享一个地球——《2006地球生命力报告》解读

世界自然基金会和环球足迹网络等2006年10月在中国北京联合发布《2006地球生命力报告》,用生命地球指数和生态足迹两个主要指标描绘了全球生物多样性的变化状态和人类所面临的环境压力。报告显示:生命地球指数1970～2003年总体下降约三分之一,其中陆栖指数减少约31%、海洋指数减少约27%、淡水指数减少约30%,生物多样性正快速持续地遭到损失;自1961年人类的生态足迹不断增加,1987年转入生态赤字下运行,此后生态超载不断加剧,2003年生态赤字达25.28%;化石燃料足迹增长最快,2003年几乎占到一半,达到48%;阿联酋、美国、加拿大等国家人均足迹最大,阿富汗最小,中国排名69位;北美、欧盟、中东和中亚、亚太区处于生态超载状态,非欧联盟、拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区、非洲处于生态盈余;过去40多年,人均足迹高收入国家增长2倍多,2003年达6.5gha,低收入国家一直在0.8gha以下徘徊,中收入国家也从未超过2.0gha。地球的经济怎样才可能在过度消耗中持续发展?3种预测情景也许会让我们走出生态超载的困境、走向可持续发展,共享"一个地球生活"的美好未来。整篇报告可以概括为4个主题:追踪物种丧失、聚焦生态超载、3种情景预测、一个地球生活。

Tracking species loss, focusing on ecological overshoot and sharing one planet living: Main results of the Living Planet Report 2006

Living Planet Report 2006 was issued in October 2006 at Beijing of China by World Wide Fund for Nature,Zoological Society of London and Global Footprint Network.There are living planet index which reflects biological diversity and ecological footprint which shows the extent of human demand on ecosystems.The latest data available(for 2003) indicate that the Living Planet Index shows a rapid and continuing loss of biodiversity populations of vertebrate species have declined by about one third since 1970.Humanity's ecological footprint,our impact upon the planet,has more than tripled since 1961.Our footprint now exceeds the world's ability to regenerate by about 25 per cent.The Living Planet Report 2006 indicates that our reliance on fossil fuels to meet our energy needs continues to grow and that climate-changing emissions now make up 48 per cent almost half of our global footprint.Countries with the highest EF per person are United Arab Emirates,USA,Canada and so on.Afghanistan has minimum of EF per person.Chinese EF per person is 69th.North America,Europe EU,Middle East and Central Asia,and Asia-Pacific are running deficit.Europe Non-EU,Latin America and the Caribbean,and Africa have an ecological reserve.The average per person footprint in low-and middle-income countries changed little,while the average per person footprint in high-income countries increased by 18 per cent.Over the last 40 years,the average footprint in low-income countries hovered just below 0.8 global hectares per person.How is it possible for an economy to continue operating in overshoot? We may break away from overshoot,tend towards sustainable development,and share one planet living if the slow-shift scenario and the rapid-reduction scenario are possible.Four topics can be concluded based on the Living Planet Report 2006.There are tracking species loss,focusing on ecological overshoot,three predicted scenarios and sharing one planet living.