Effect of aging on the sensitivity of pancreatic beta-cells to insulin secretagogues in rats.

Glucose-stimulated insulin release from rat pancreas is known to be blunted by aging. In the present study, we examined the effect of aging on insulin release induced by various secretagogues using the isolated perfused pancreas of female rats. Insulin release from the perfused pancreas in response to 16.7 mM glucose in 8-month-old rats (older rats) was much less than that in 2-month-old rats (young rats). The first phase of insulin release after glucose stimulation was attenuated in older rats. The addition of 0.1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion in both groups of rats. However, the second phase of insulin secretion in older rats was lower than that in younger rats. The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol ester (TPA, 200 nM) enhanced both the first and the second phases of insulin release induced by glucose in both groups of rats. The amount of first phase insulin release induced by TPA with glucose in young rats was greater than that in older rats, whereas the second phase of insulin release was similar in both groups of rats. On the other hand, tolbutamide (200 uM) similarly stimulated the first phase of insulin release in both age groups of rat. In addition, the amount of cumulative insulin secretion induced by tolbutamide during the second phase was slightly but significantly greater in older rats than in young controls. Insulin content in the pancreas was significantly greater in older rats than in young rats and increased after the stimulation with TPA and tolbutamide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)