棘孢木霉组合应用对杨树生长和光合特性影响

为研制复方棘孢木霉菌肥制剂，在大田条件下将等浓度（5×10³cfu·cm^-3土）不同组合的棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）分生孢子T1（Ta536+Ta4）、T2（Ta536+Ta4+Ta492）和T3（Ta536+Ta4+Ta492+Ta650）根施山新杨（Populus davidiana×P.alba var. Pyramidalis）组培移栽苗，研究棘孢木霉组合施用对山新杨生长及光合特性的影响。方差分析结果表明，诱导时间和不同处理对苗高、地径、叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b值、P_n、Cond、C_i和T_r均有显著影响（P<0.05）：处理组的山新杨苗高、地径及干物质量均在不同程度上高于对照组（CK），作用效果为T3 >T2 >T1 >CK；60d时，T3、T2和T1组杨树苗生物量分别比CK增加17.99%、14.28%和10.54%；15d时叶绿素含量比CK分别提高7.79%，6.91%和4.17%；叶绿素a/b值分别比CK提高7.79%、5.84%和4.73%。此外，处理组净光合速率（P_n）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）、气孔导度（Cond）、蒸腾速率（T_r）均高于CK，并且处理组的最大净光合速率、表观量子效率以及光饱和点均高于CK。同时，诱导时间和不同处理的交互作用对检测的多数指标（除P_n和C_i外）均具有显著影响（P<0.05）。说明4个棘孢木霉菌株组合施用具有协同作用，能提高菌株对环境条件的适应性，增强促生长和改善光合的作用效果。并且T3组对山新杨苗的影响最大、作用速度最快。

Effects of Trichoderma asperellum Combined Application on Growth and Photosynthesis Characteristics of Populus davidiana×P.alba var. pyramidlis

In order to prepare compound fungi fertilizer of Trichoderma asperellum, we studied the effects of T.asperellum combined application on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Populus davidiana×P.alba var. pyramidlis(Shanxin poplar) by applying the concentration(5×10³ cfu·cm^-3 soil) with different combinations of T.asperellum conidia T1(Ta536+Ta4), T2(Ta536+Ta4+Ta492) and T3(Ta536+Ta4+Ta492+Ta650) to roots of the tissue-cultured Shanxin poplar seedlings under field conditions. Analysis of variance showed that the induction time and different treatments had significant effects on height, basal stem, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b value, P_n, Cond, C_i and T_r(P<0.05): the seedling heights, basal stems and dry weights of the treatment groups were higher than those of control group(CK) in different degree, and the effect was T3> T2> T1> CK; the biomass of poplar seedlings of T3, T2 and T1 separately increased 17.99%、14.28% and 10.54% compared with CK at 60 d; at 15 d, chlorophyll contents separately increased 7.79%, 6.91% and 4.17% and chlorophyll a/b values separately increased 7.79%, 5.84% and 4.73% compared with CK. In addition, the net photosynthetic rate(P_n), intercellular CO₂ concentration(C_i), stomatal conductance(Cond) and transpiration rate(T_r) of the treatment were higher than those of CK, and the maximum net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency and light saturation point of the treatment groups were higher than those of CK(P<0.05). At the same time, the interaction between the inducing durations and the different treatments levels of T.asperellum also significantly influenced the above indexes(except for P_n and C_i)(P<0.05). In brief, combination of 4 strains had synergistic effects that can enhance the adaptability of these strains to environment, promote growth and improve photosynthesis characteristics, and the T3 group has the biggest influence and the fastest action on the poplar seedlings.