红松半同胞家系遗传变异分析及果材兼用优良家系选择

以临江林业局闹枝林场内48个红松半同胞家系为材料，连续3年对其生长性状进行测定分析。方差分析结果表明不同家系间各性状差异均达极显著水平（P<0.01）；家系间各指标表型变异系数变化范围为2.74%~51.39%；半同胞家系间各性状遗传力均超过0.97；48个半同胞家系树高、胸径和单株球果数量的一般配合力变化范围为（-1.82~1.70）、（-7.91~9.99）和（-14.85~15.15）；不同树龄树高间、胸径间的相关系数达极显著水平（0.993 < r < 0.999，0.995 < r < 0.998）；分别利用生长性状和结实性状对家系进行综合评价，以10%的入选率，初步选出5个生长性状优良的家系，入选家系树高和胸径平均值分别为8.02 m和21.95 cm，遗传增益分别为7.63%和46.29%。初步选出5个结实性状优良的家系，球果数量和千粒重平均值分别为30.26个和736.20 g，遗传增益分别为86.49%和1.46%。本研究中评价选出的优良家系可为红松良种登记提供材料，选择方法为其它果材兼用树种良种选育提供理论基础。

Genetic Variance Analysis and Excellent Fruit-timber Families Selection of Half-sib Pinus koraiensis

With 48 Pinus koraiensis half-sib families in Naozhi Forest Farm of Linjiang Forestry Bureau, we studied the growth traits of different families in different three years. By variance analysis, all traits were significantly different(P<0.01) among different families. The coefficients of phenotypic variation of different traits varied from 2.74%-51.39%, and the heritability of different trait was higher than 0.97. The general combining ability of tree height, diameter at breast height and cone number were ranged from -1.82 to 1.70, -7.91 to 9.99 and -14.85 to 15.15, respectively. There were significant positive correlations among tree height(0.993-0.999), and diameter at breast height(0.995-0.998) in different year. Growth traits and fruit traits were taken as index to evaluate families by the method of comprehensive evaluation of multiple traits under selected rate of 10%, five families were selected as elite families based on growth, the average tree height, diameter at the breast height were 8.02 m and 21.95 cm, and the genetic gain were 7.63% and 46.29%, respectively. Based on the fruit traits, under selected rate of 10%, five families were selected as elite families, the average coin number and thousand seed weight of elite families were 30.26 and 736.20 g, and the genetic gain were 86.49% and 1.46%, respectively. The elite families could supply materials for pedigree registration and the selected method cloud also provide theoretical basis for other fruit-timber tree species breeding.