青海云杉优良单株半同胞种子及其子代苗表型性状分析

青海云杉（Picea crassifolia）是我国西北地区重要的乡土树种，适应性强，在水土保持、城乡绿化和荒山造林等方面发挥着重要作用。为了解青海云杉半同胞种子及其子代苗表型性状变异特点，以青海云杉优良单株半同胞种子及其8年生半同胞子代苗为材料，分析比较不同优良家系半同胞种子及其子代苗表型性状。结果表明：青海云杉半同胞种子的种鳞、种翅、种子表型性状在家系间都存在极显著差异，且家系间和家系内存在广泛变异；青海云杉半同胞种子的种鳞长、种子长、千粒重的三者之间有着极显著的正相关关系；8年生青海云杉半同胞子代苗的苗高家系遗传力和遗传变异系数最大（0.951%、19.14%），地径其次（0.737%、10.87%），侧枝最小（0.642%、2.66%）；青海云杉半同胞种子及其子代苗表型性状的变异主要是由受遗传因素和环境因素共同控制。

Phenotypic Traits of Half Sibs-seeds and Their Offspring Seddlings on Picea crassifolia Superior Individual Trees

Picea crassifolia is an important native tree species because it has a strong adaptability in northwest China, plays an important role in soil and water conservation, urban and rural greening, and barren hill afforestation. For understanding the half-sibling seeds and their progeny seedlings phenotypic traits of P. crassifolia variation characteristics, we selected the half sibling seeds and its semi-half-sibling seedlings in eight years of superior individual trees as materials to analyze and compare different good family half-sibling seeds and its offspring seedling phenotypic traits. There were significant differences in the seed scales, seed wing and seed phenotypic traits of the half sibling seeds in P. crassifolia, and there were significant differences among families and within families(P<0.01). There is a significant positive correlation between seed scale, seed longiness and kilo-grain weightiness of half sibs-seeds. The genetic heritability and genetic variation coefficients of the seedlings of the half-siblings of P. crassifolia were the greatest(0.951%, 19.14%) in seedling height, followed by the second(0.737%, 10.87%) in ground diameter, and the smallest in lateral branches(0.642%, 2.66%). The variation of phenotypic traits on half sibs-seeds and their offspring seedlings is mainly controlled by genetic factors and environmental factors.