海岸梯度上黑松针叶形态与解剖结构性状的变化规律

风对树木形态、生理和生长的影响一直是生态学研究的热点和难点问题，目前主要采用模拟风速或机械刺激的方式来研究树木对风胁迫的响应与适应变化，无法准确反映出树木在风环境下的长期适应机制。本文以海岸60年生黑松林（Pinus thunbergii）为对象，分析了海岸距离梯度上黑松迎风面和背风面针叶长度、宽度、面积、比叶面积、角质层厚度、表皮厚度等形态和解剖结构特征的变化规律。结果表明：黑松迎风面针叶长度、宽度、周长、面积、厚度和比叶面积随着离海岸距离的减小逐渐减小（P<0.05）；而表皮厚度、角质层厚度和导管孔径则随着离海岸距离的减小逐渐增加（P<0.05）；背风面各指标均无明显变化规律。黑松迎风面与背风面针叶性状（比叶面积除外）主要在海岸500 m内存在显著差异（P<0.05）。可以看出，随着海风胁迫的增加，黑松通过降低针叶长、宽等形态指标，有效减少了风胁迫下黑松的受力面积，是一种躲避策略；而增加针叶表皮、角质层厚度和导管孔径等解剖结构指标，则增强了针叶坚韧性和保证针叶的水分供应，是一种忍受策略，这些策略有利于该树种在大风环境中得以更好的生存。

Variation in Needle Morphology and Anatomy of Pinus thunbergii Along Coastal-inland Gradient

The effect of wind on the morphology, physiological and growth of trees has been a topic and difficulty of ecology. At present, response and adaptation of trees to wind were determined through short-time simulation wind or mechanical stimulation, which cannot reflect the long-term adaptation mechanism of trees in the natural windy environment. Here, needle morphology, including length, width, area, specific leaf area(SLA), and anatomy structure, including cuticle and epidermal thickness, were determined for 60-a Pinus thunbergii along coastal-inland gradient. Needle length, width, perimeter, area, thickness and SLA on windward of P. thunbergii decreased from inland to coast, while cuticle thickness, epidermal thickness and vessel diameter increased(P<0.05). However, there were not significant difference for these indices on leeward along coastal-inland gradient. Needle traits on the same gradient were found to be significant differences between windward and leeward within 500 m from coastline. Therefore, with the increasing of sea wind stress, needle morphological indices were decreased to reduce the force bearing area, which was a kind of avoidance strategy. Meanwhile, the needle anatomical indices were increased to improve needle toughness and guarantee adequate water supply, which was a kind of tolerance strategy. These results showed the response and adaption strategies in coastal wind environment for P. thunbergii.