长山列岛邻近海域沉积环境微塑料的分布特征

长山列岛(长岛)属于典型的海岛生态系统,随着海洋微塑料污染日益加剧,其周边海域沉积环境中的微塑料分布现状值得深入探究。文章以长岛养殖区和航道沉积物为研究对象,利用显微镜观察和傅里叶变换红外光谱测定等方法对沉积物中的微塑料进行分析。结果表明,长岛邻近海域沉积物中微塑料的丰度为133.14—499.82个/kg,平均丰度为252.59个/kg。微塑料的尺寸以<500μm为主,占微塑料总丰度的70%以上;微塑料的形状以颗粒状为主,其次为碎片状、纤维状和小球状;微塑料的颜色以透明色为主;微塑料的聚合物类型以玻璃纸为主,其次为聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯和纤维素等。由于长岛地处黄渤海交汇处,整体水动力交换能力较好。虽然长岛南部水域水体流动性弱于北部,且南部水域距离入海河流更近,受陆源输入的影响更大,但是长岛南部水域沉积物中微塑料的丰度并未显著高于北部。研究为长岛海洋生态环境中微塑料污染的科学评估与管理提供科学依据。

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROPLASTICS IN THE SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT IN ADJACENT SEA AREAS OF CHANGSHAN ARCHIPELAGO

As an emerging pollutant, microplastics have spread all over the marine environment. Studies have shown that the marine sedimentary environment is the sink for marine microplastics, The Changshan Archipelago (Changdao) are located at the throat of the Bohai Sea and belong to a typical island ecosystem. In recent years, the coastal area of Long Island has been affected by human factors such as the construction of breeding ponds and port terminals, and the ecological environment is relatively fragile. In this study, the sediments of Changshan Archipelago were collected, and the microplastics in these sediments were analyzed by microscope observation and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the Changshan Archipelago sediments ranged from 133.14 to 499.82 N/kg, with an average abundance of 252.59 N/kg. The size of microplastics is mainly <500 μm, accounting for more than 70% of the total number of microplastics; the shape of microplastics is mainly granular, followed by fragments, fibers and small spheres; the color of microplastics is mainly transparent. The polymer type of plastic is mainly cellophane, followed by polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose, etc. Because Changdao is located at the intersection of the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, the overall hydrodynamic exchange capacity is well. Although the water mobility of the southern waters of Changdao is weaker than that of the northern waters, and the southern waters are closer to the rivers entering the sea, and are more affected by the input of land sources, the abundance of microplastics in the sediments of the southern water of Changdao is not significantly higher than that of the northern water. This study provides a scientific basis for the scientific assessment and management of microplastic pollution in the marine ecological environment of Long Island.