施磷对鲜食甘薯产量、品质及磷利用效率的影响——以徐薯32为例

为了探索适宜的磷肥用量,提高鲜食型甘薯的经济产量和磷肥利用率,以徐薯32为例,于2018—2019年进行两年的田间试验(土壤有效磷含量为31.70 mg·kg^-1),比较了不同施磷量对鲜食甘薯产量、品质、磷积累和磷利用效率的影响。试验设置5个施磷水平(P₂O₅),分别为0(P₀)、25(P₂₅)、50(P₅₀)、75(P₇₅)和100 kg·hm^-2 (P₁₀₀)。结果表明: 1)与P₀相比,施磷显著提高了鲜薯产量和商品薯产量,以P₇₅处理最高,其次为P₅₀处理,两处理间差异不显著。2)施磷显著提高了薯块中淀粉和还原糖含量,在P₅₀处理下可溶性糖和蛋白质含量显著增加。3)在生育期90～120 d,施磷显著提高了甘薯的磷积累量和干物质积累量。4)磷表观利用率随着施磷量的增加而下降,磷农学效率则随着施磷量的增加先升后降,在P₅₀处理下显著高于其他处理。综合考虑鲜薯产量、品质、经济产量和磷肥利用率,本试验条件下P₂O₅的适宜用量为50 kg·hm^-2。

Effects of phosphorus application on yield,quality and phosphorus use efficiency of edible sweetpotato: A case study of Xushu 32

To explore the appropriate amount of phosphorus (P) fertilizer and improve economic yield and P use efficiency of edible sweetpotato, we took Xushu 32 as an example and compared the effects of different P application rates on yield, quality, P accumulation and P use efficiency of edible sweetpotato based on a two-year field experiment (soil available P content was 31.70 mg·kg^-1) from 2018 to 2019. There were five P application levels (P₂O₅), including 0 (P₀), 25 (P₂₅), 50 (P₅₀), 75 (P₇₅) and 100 kg·hm^-2(P₁₀₀). The results showed that, 1) compared with P₀, P application significantly increased the yield of fresh sweetpotao and commodity potato, with the effects being the stongest under P₇₅ treatment, followed by P₅₀ treatment. However, there was no significant difference between the two treatments. 2) P application significantly increased the contents of starch and reducing sugar in storage root. The contents of soluble sugar and protein increased significantly under P₅₀ treatment. 3) Du-ring the growth period of 90 to 120 d, P fertilizer supply significantly increased P accumulation and dry matter accumulation of sweetpotato. 4) The apparent P use efficiency (APUE) decreased with increasing P application rates, while P agronomic efficiency (PAE) increased first and then decreased with the increases of P application rates, which was significantly higher under P₅₀ than other treatments. Taking into account the yield, quality, economic yield and P utilization rate of edible sweetpotato, the optimal dosage of P₂O₅ is 50 kg·hm^-2 under the experimental conditions.