黑水虻幼虫粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫和脂质代谢的影响

试验旨在研究黑水虻Hermetia illucens幼虫粉替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei生长性能、非特异性免疫和脂质代谢的影响。以黑水虻幼虫粉分别替代对照组饲料(FM)中10%(BSF10)、20%(BSF20)和30%(BSF30)的鱼粉蛋白质,共配制为四组等氮等脂的实验饲料,饲喂初始体质量为(0.88±0.01) g的凡纳滨对虾7周。结果显示, BSF10组和BSF20组对虾的生长性能与对照组相比无显著变化(P>0.05),但BSF30组对虾的生长性能显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比, BSF20组和BSF30组对虾的全虾粗脂肪含量显著降低,BSF30组对虾血淋巴甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平显著降低(P<0.05),但肝胰腺粗脂肪水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。BSF10、BSF20和BSF30组对虾血淋巴谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。BSF10组对虾超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组, BSF20组对虾总抗氧化能力显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。BSF30组对虾肝胰腺酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸...

DIETARY BLACK SOLDIER FLY (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) LARVAE MEAL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE,NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY AND LIPID METABOLISM OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal on growth performance, non-specific immunity and lipid metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei. The control diet (FM) contained 25% fishmeal and then 10% (BSF10), 20% (BSF20) and 30% (BSF30) of fishmeal protein were replaced by black soldier fly larvae meal to formulate four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets. Shrimps with an initial body weight of (0.88±0.01) g were fed four times daily for 7 weeks. Results showed that there were no significant differences in growth performance of shrimp fed BSF10 and BSF20 diets compared to FM group (P>0.05), but the growth performance of the shrimp in the BSF30 group significantly reduced (P<0.05). The whole shrimp crude lipid content was significantly lower in the BSF20 and BSF30 groups, and the hemolymph triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the BSF30 group compared to FM group (P<0.05), but there were no significantly different in crude lipid of hepatopancreas among the four groups (P>0.05). The activities of hemolymph alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase significantly decreased in the BSF10, BSF20 and BSF30 groups compared to FM group (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity of BSF20 group was significantly higher than that of the other groups, and superoxide dismutase activity of BSF10 group was significantly higher than that of FM group (P<0.05). The hepatopancreas acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower in the BSF30 group than that in the FM group (P<0.05). The lipase activity of BSF30 group was significantly lower than BSF10 group (P<0.05). The fatty acid synthase activity in BSF10 and BSF20 groups was significantly higher than that in FM group, the carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity in BSF20 group was significantly higher than the other three groups, and the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase in BSF30 group was significantly higher than that in FM group (P<0.05). The activities of hemolymph lipid triglyceride lipase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in BSF10, BSF20 and BSF30 groups were significantly higher than those in FM group (P<0.05). To conclude, replacing 10% or 20% of fishmeal with black soldier fly larvae meal had no negative effect on the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei, improved the antioxidant capacity of shrimp and reduced the hemolymph glutamate transaminase and glutamic acid transaminase activities. The crude lipid of whole shrimp significantly reduced in BSF20 group, and when the replacing level reached to 30%, the activity of enzymes related to lipid catabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle was significantly increased, which further promoted the lipid metabolism of shrimp.