野生菌核侧耳生物学特性及驯化栽培

菌核侧耳是一种珍稀药食同源真菌，具有极高的营养价值和药用价值。为了充分保护和利用该类野生真菌资源，本研究对采自海南黎母山自然保护区的一株野生侧耳属子实体进行了菌株分离纯化培养，通过内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer, ITS)序列分析，并结合形态学特征，鉴定为菌核侧耳Pleurotus tuber-regium。以此菌为试验菌株，从碳源、氮源、pH和温度4个方面进行生物学特性研究，从中选出3个较优水平进行正交试验。结果表明，在试验范围内，该菌株菌丝生长的最佳碳源为蔗糖，氮源为蛋白胨，pH 7.0，温度35 ℃。驯化出菇试验中，二级种选用玉米粒，25 ℃黑暗培养;出菇栽培的基质为杂木屑52%、玉米芯25%、麦麸20%、石灰2%、石膏1%，50 d左右出现原基，加大空气湿度至85%-90%，在28 ℃以上培养5 d后子实体成熟。本试验成功对野生菌核侧耳进行了人工出菇栽培，为该菌进一步的研究和开发提供了参考。

Biological characteristics and domestic cultivation of wild Pleurotus tuber-regium

Pleurotus tuber-regium, generally used as medicine and edibles in China, has considerably high nutritional and medicinal values. A wild Pleurotus isolate collected from Limushan Natural Reserve of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park was purified and identified as P. tuber-regium by molecular analysis based on ITS sequences and morphological characteristics. The biological characteristics and domestic cultivation of the isolate were studied. The cross-hatch method was used to study the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, and temperature on the mycelial growth rate under solid cultivation. The orthogonal tests were conducted on three optimal factors from four single factor experiments. The results showed that the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for the mycelial growth of P. tuber-regium were sucrose and peptone respectively, under conditions of pH 7.0 at 35 °C. The spawn was the culture on corn grain substrate incubated at 25 °C under dark condition. The culture formula was 52% angiosperm wood chips, 25% corncob, 20% bran, 2% lime, and 1% gypsum. Primordium formed in 50 d of incubation and mature fruiting body in 55 days under the temperature of 28-32 °C, and humidity of 85%-90%. The present study is successful in domestic cultivation of P. tuber-regium, and supplies the primary data for future industrialized production of the fungus.