Phenolic compounds in Norway spruce as affected by boron nutrition at the end of the growing season |
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Authors: | Aino Rummukainen Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto Mikko Räisänen Tarja Lehto |
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Institution: | (1) Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland;(2) Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland |
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Abstract: | The increase in concentrations of phenolic compounds in boron (B) deficiency has been demonstrated in many herbaceous plant
species, but information on woody plants is scarce. It has been suggested that accumulation of phenolic compounds plays a
role in the development of cold hardiness in herbaceous plants but also that B deficiency decreases winter hardiness. Here
we study the effects of B nutrition on phenolic compounds in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) in the course of cold acclimation. Phenolic compounds were analysed in Norway spruce seedlings from three different B-fertilisation
treatments in two harvests: non-acclimated and cold-acclimated seedlings. Norway spruce phenolic compounds consisted mainly
of condensed tannins. During B deficiency, condensed tannins and monocoumaroyl–astragalin der. 1 increased in non-acclimated
seedlings. The increase in tannins was 21%, which was nearly significant. However, the effect of B on phenolic compounds was
almost absent in cold-acclimated seedlings. The condensed tannin concentration increased much more with time in the simulated
autumn than due to B deficiency, and we conclude that the B effect was probably not large enough to be important for the hardening
of the seedlings. The total phenolic concentrations more than doubled during the course of cold hardening suggesting that
phenolics have a role in the winter hardiness in Norway spruce. |
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Keywords: | Acetophenones Boron Cold acclimation Condensed tannins Flavonoids Micronutrients Neolignans Phenolic acids Picea abies Stilbenes |
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