10 years of the nisin-controlled gene expression system (NICE) in Lactococcus lactis |
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Authors: | Igor Mierau Michiel Kleerebezem |
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Institution: | (1) NIZO food research, P.O. Box 20, 6710 Ede, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium that, in addition to its traditional use in food fermentations, is increasingly
used in modern biotechnological applications. In the last 25 years great progress has been made in the development of genetic
engineering tools and the molecular characterization of this species. A new versatile and tightly controlled gene expression
system, based on the auto-regulation mechanism of the bacteriocin nisin, was developed 10 years ago—the NIsin Controlled gene
Expression system, called NICE. This system has become one of the most successful and widely used tools for regulated gene
expression in Gram-positive bacteria. The review describes, after a brief introduction of the host bacterium L. lactis, the fundaments, components and function of the NICE system. Furthermore, an extensive overview is provided of the different
applications in lactococci and other Gram-positive bacteria: (1) over-expression of homologous and heterologous genes for
functional studies and to obtain large quantities of specific gene products, (2) metabolic engineering, (3) expression of
prokaryotic and eukaryotic membrane proteins, (4) protein secretion and anchoring in the cell envelope, (5) expression of
genes with toxic products and analysis of essential genes and (6) large-scale applications. Finally, an overview is given
of growth and induction conditions for lab-scale and industrial-scale applications. |
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