Evidence for Heterogeneity of Astrocyte De-Differentiation in vitro: Astrocytes Transform into Intermediate Precursor Cells Following Induction of ACM from Scratch-Insulted Astrocytes |
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Authors: | Hao Yang Xin-Hong Qian Rui Cong Jing-wen Li Qin Yao Xi-Ying Jiao Gong Ju Si-Wei You |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Neurosciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 West Chang Le Road, 710032 Xi’an, China;(2) Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi’an, China;(3) Department of Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi’an, China |
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Abstract: | Our previous study definitely demonstrated that the mature astrocytes could undergo a de-differentiation process and further
transform into pluripotential neural stem cells (NSCs), which might well arise from the effect of diffusible factors released
from scratch-insulted astrocytes. However, these neurospheres passaged from one neurosphere-derived from de-differentiated
astrocytes possessed a completely distinct characteristic in the differentiation behavior, namely heterogeneity of differentiation.
The heterogeneity in cell differentiation has become a crucial but elusive issue. In this study, we show that purified astrocytes
could de-differentiate into intermediate precursor cells (IPCs) with addition of scratch-insulted astrocyte-conditioned medium
(ACM) to the culture, which can express NG2 and A2B5, the IPCs markers. Apart from the number of NG2+ and A2B5+ cells, the percentage of proliferative cells as labeled with BrdU progressively increased with prolonged culture period ranging
from 1 to 10 days. Meanwhile, the protein level of A2B5 in cells also increased significantly. These results revealed that
not all astrocytes could de-differentiate fully into NSCs directly when induced by ACM, rather they generated intermediate
or more restricted precursor cells that might undergo progressive de-differentiation to generate NSCs. |
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