南方丘陵山区生态安全格局构建与优化修复——以瑞金市为例

构建科学合理的生态安全格局、落实生态保护修复与空间优化是促进区域生态系统健康运行和社会经济可持续发展的重要途径。以南方丘陵山区瑞金市为例,综合生态敏感性评价与最小阻力模型,解构瑞金市生态安全格局及其自然生态与社会经济特点,并提出生态保护修复与空间优化方案。结果显示：(1)瑞金市生态源地共有123.22km~2,占总国土面积5%,主要为重要山林地和水域,环绕中部盆地呈卫星状分布;(2)潜在廊道119条,生态节点72个,在周边山地呈闭合网络状,但中部盆地廊道单一、节点密集,网络连通性较低;(3)瑞金市是典型的高原型阻力面,中部盆地城镇发展区、沟域经济延伸带、西部工矿挖采点生态阻力高、源地辐射弱,应生态预警与重点修复。瑞金市生态保护修复与空间优化应宏观统筹、分区推进、精细落实,划分生态修复核心区、生态监测预警区、生态保护缓冲区和生态保护重点区,明确空间管控原则、分区推进生态保护,围绕“源地-廊道-节点”落实生态修复。

Construction, optimization and restoration of ecological security pattern in the southern hilly and mountainous region of China: A case study in Ruijin City

Establishing ecological security patterns, and implementing ecological restoration and spatial optimization are important ways to promote the health of regional ecosystems and the sustainable development of society and economy. Using Ruijin City, a southern hilly and mountainous region of China, as a case, this study demonstrated the regional ecological security patterns and the bio-physical and socio-economic characteristics through ecological sensitivity assessment and a least resistance model. Then the strategies for ecological restoration and spatial optimization were finally proposed. The results show that:(1) the identified ecological source areas in Ruijin City is 123.22km², accounting for 5% of the total area. They are mainly composed of important mountainous forests and water bodies, and distributed around the central basin. (2) There are 119 potential corridors and 72 ecological nodes, which form a closed network in the surrounding mountains. However, the central basin only possesses a single corridor with dense nodes and low network connectivity. (3) The mountainous Ruijin City turns to be a typical plateau resistance surface. The urban areas under development in the central basin, the economic extension zone in the gully area, and the west mining areas, where the ecological resistance is extremely high while the radiation from the ecological source is weak, should be ecologically pre-warned and restored with priority. In terms of spatial optimization and ecological protection and restoration in Ruijin City, the work should be arranged macroscopically as a whole, propelled regionally and implemented meticulously. Moreover, the ecological restoration core area, the ecological monitoring and pre-warning area, the ecological protection buffer area, and the ecological protection key area should be classified with distinct principles for spatial regulation. Specific countermeasures for regional ecological protection and restoration should be based on the "source-corridor-node" pattern.