沙棘含油量及影响因子研究综述

为依据工业需要，定向地引种，培育沙棘优良品种，在整理分析国内外重要资料的基础上，对沙棘含油量及影响因子研究进行了综述。各地试验结果表明：（1）从15个产地10个沙棘品种研究看出，中国沙棘亚种种子及果肉含油量均较高（10．37％，8．44％），且该亚种分布广，适应性强，可作为引种，培养的优质种源，但在环境适宜的地区，可选用俄罗斯培育的沙棘新品种，如布里亚特（果实含油量达11．67－36．4％）；（2）不同产地，不同品种沙棘含油量差异较大；沙棘果在一定的海拔高度下含油量较高，。过高或过低的海拔 会影响其含油量；温度对沙棘含油量影响不明显，但在同一地区，随着平均气温的降低，沙棘种子含油量呈缓慢下降趋势，果色对果汁，果渣，种子出油率的影响比较中，以果汁最明显，而果渣和种子所受影响不大；立地条件对沙棘含油量有明显影响，水肥条件较好的河滩地有利于油的积累，且种子油积累以阳坡和梁顶坡比阴坡，河滩好；（3）采果时间对沙棘含油量有较大影响。在实际生产中可通过利用化学诱变剂来增加沙棘果油含量，以赤霉素加γ射线处理效果最好；在实际 生产中可通过利用化学诱变剂来增加沙棘果油含量，以赤霉素加γ射线处理效果最好，另外加强水，肥管理也可提高沙棘的含油量，为引种，培育沙棘优良品种，生产实践中采取对有效措施以提高沙棘含油量，为工业生产选择合适的加工原料提供了科学依据，对建立优质沙棘种植园，高效，持续发展沙棘产业具有重要意义。

Summarize of study on the oil content of seabuckthorn and influence factors

To directive introduce and breed fine species of seabuckthorn byneed of industry,on the basis of arranging and analyzing importantly internal and external data,study of oil content of seabuckthorn and influence factors were summarized in this paper.The experimental results of different zone showed:(1) In 15 provenance and 10 species,oil contents of seeds and pulp of Subsp.\%sinense s\% Rousi are higher,respectively 10.37%,8.44%,and it has vast distribution and strong adaptation,can be high-quality resources of seeds to introduction and breeding of seabuckthorn.However,in the suitable environment region,species of seabuckthorn of Russia bred can be chosen,for example Buliyate (oil content of fruit 11.67%～36.4%).(2) In different provenance and species,difference of oil contents of seabuckthorn are bigger;Oil contents of seabuckthorn fruit are the highest under the certain elevation,too high or low will influence oil contents.It isnt obvious to temperature influence on oil contents,but in the same region,with mean air-temperature going down,oil contents of seeds of seabuckthorn gradually go down.Among color of fruit influence on oil contents of fruit juice,dregs of fruit and seeds,the former is most obvious,but the two latter isnt obvious.Condition of growth have obvious influence on oil contents of seabuckthorn of water and manure is good to oil accumulation,and sun-slope and ridge-top of oil accumulation of seeds are better than that of shade-slope and flood land.(3) Time of gathering fruit has important influence on the oil content.In production,oil content of seabuckthorn can be improve through using chemical induce-preparation,its effect is best to treat with gibberellin adding γ-ray;Other it can improve o il contents of seabuckthorn to strengthen management of water and manure.These provided scientific basis for introducing and breeding fine species of seabuckthorn,improving oil content of seabuckthorn through taking effective measures in the production and industrial production choosing suitable processing raw material,it has import significance to construct high-quality plantation and high-benef icial and sustained developing industrial of seabuckthorn.