Cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase in the sodium-transporting epithelium isolated from frog skin

Summary A modified cytochemical technique with 5-adenylylimidodiphosphate as substrate, was used to examine the distribution of adenylate cyclase in cells comprising the transepithelial Na⁺ transport pathway in isolated frog skin epithelium. Particular attention was paid to the effects of fixation on the activity and localization of adenylate cyclase. Fixation in glutaraldehyde alone or in combination with paraformaldehyde reduced the amount of reaction product, while better results were obtained using unfixed tissues. Optimum results were obtained following stimulation of adenylate cyclase with forskolin and in the presence of specific metabolic inhibitors. Adenylate cyclase was localized in the basolateral membranes of the principal cells which constitute a functional syncytium for Na⁺ transport and was absent from the apical membranes of the outermost granulosum cells. This distribution is consistent with the transepithelial Na⁺ transport model and defines the functional morphology of the cells involved in Na⁺ transport across frog skin. The results are compatible with the process of Na⁺ re-absorption across other epithelial cells, verifying that frog skin is a convenient model-tissue to study Na⁺ transport mechanisms. Adenylate cyclase was also found in membranes of the mitochondria-rich cells, a minor and parallel Na⁺ transporting pathway.