Genetic evidence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ranavirus</Emphasis> in toe clips: an alternative to lethal sampling methods

Amphibian populations have been undergoing declines on a global scale. Among the many threats to these populations are emergent infectious diseases (EIDs). The Ranavirus in particular has been found within many declining amphibian populations. Although non-lethal sampling methods exist for some amphibian groups, such as salamanders, the anurans are traditionally tested using a lethal method. By comparing traditional liver samples and a new non-lethal method of toe clipping we prove that the Ranavirus can also be determined in frogs using a non-lethal method, a much needed tool in threatened populations. This method will allow for ranaviral detection without further impacting declining populations, and can further be used for other research questions.