Possible involvement of auxin-induced ethylene in an apoptotic cell death during temperature-sensitive lethality expressed by hybrid between Nicotiana glutinosa and N. repanda

Interspecific hybrids of Nicotiana glutinosa L. x N. repanda Willd. express temperature-sensitive lethality induced by apoptotic cell death. Hybrid seedlings cultured at 28 degrees C began to exhibit lethal symptoms during early growth stages, and then they showed a high level of endogenous auxin compared with those of parental seedlings. Meanwhile, the level of auxin in hybrid seedlings cultured at 32 degrees C, which is a condition suppressing the lethality of this cross combination, was equal to or lower than those of parental seedlings. Administration of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) as an auxin transport inhibitor into the hybrid seedlings suppressed lethal symptoms and had a life-extending effect. Additionally, TIBA has an effect to suppress DNA fragmentation, which is one of characteristics of apoptosis and has been detected in the hybrid seedlings expressing the lethality. Administration of aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) as an ethylene synthesis inhibitor, which could inhibit ethylene production, also showed the same effects as TIBA for the lethality. From these results, we suggested that auxin and ethylene were involved in an apoptotic cell death during the lethality, and the abnormal increase of endogenous auxin may lead to the ethylene production in hybrid seedlings during early growth stages.