害虫生物型及其遗传机理

以农作物上5种重要害虫的生物型为例，简单地概括了分子标记在害虫生物型研究中的应用，重点阐述几种重要害虫如黑森瘿蚊，麦二叉蚜，褐飞虱，稻瘿蚊和烟粉虱等的生物型遗传变异机理。黑森瘿蚊、麦二叉蚜和稻瘿蚊的生物型由单基因控制，特定害虫生物型与作物基因型之间存在“基因_基因”关系；褐飞虱的致害性为多基因控制的数量性状；烟粉虱生物型的遗传变异机理尚不明确。还指出生物型遗传研究中待进一步解决的问题如生物型的遗传组成差异与致害力的关系等。

Biotypes of insect pests and their genetic mechanisms

The biotypes of several important pests including Mayetiola destructor, Schizaphis graminum, Nilaparvata lugens, Orseolia oryzae and Bemisia tabaci on agricultural crops were introduced, then the applications of molecular markers to the research on biotypes were generalized. The present paper stressed the reviews on inheritance and variance of biotypes of the above pests. Biotypes of M. destructor, S. graminum and O. oryzae were conditioned by major genes, and specific pest virulence-host plant resistance interactions followed a gene-for-gene relationship. The virulence of N. lugens was under polygenic control and was a quantitative character. The genetic nature of B. tabaci was less clear. Finally, some questions, such as the relationships between the genetic divergence and the virulence of biotypes were discussed.