不同废弃物对黑水虻幼虫生长、营养组成及生产性能影响研究

本文以黑水虻Hermetia illucens为研究对象，探索不同废弃物对其幼虫生长、营养组成及生产性能的影响。结果表明，黑水虻幼虫可将餐厨垃圾（FW）、厨余垃圾（KW）、蔬菜废弃物（VW）、猪粪（PM）、牛粪（DM）、鸡粪（CM）等转化成优质蛋白质和脂肪。以FW和KW作为基质养殖10 d后，幼虫体长（19.0 mm、17.1 mm）与单头重（171.54 mg、136.82 mg）显著高于其它处理。虫粉粗蛋白含量受废弃物种类影响相对较小。不同废弃物处理虫粉均显示出良好氨基酸谱。尽管各处理虫粉总必需氨基酸含量低于鱼粉和豆粕，但FW、KW和CM处理虫粉缬氨酸含量高于鱼粉和豆粕，VW处理虫粉异亮氨酸和缬氨酸含量高于鱼粉和豆粕，PM处理虫粉组氨酸和缬氨酸含量高于鱼粉和豆粕。以FW和KW作为基质养殖10 d后，尽管虫粉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸比例低于采食PM和DM的处理，但远高于其它处理的虫粉粗脂肪含量（42.13%、37.49%），虫粉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量也最高；料虫比（6.06、7.90）显著低于其它处理，幼虫转化率（59.40%、52.07%）显著高于其它处理；废弃物减量化率（89.53%、84.46%）仅低于VW处理（94.86%）。利用黑水虻幼虫处理FW和KW，幼虫生长性能和营养组成优于其它废弃物处理，且生产性能最好。

Effect of different organic wastes on the development and nutritional composition of Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and the production performance

In this study, the effect of different organic wastes on the development and nutritional composition of Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, and the production performance of BSF converting technology were assessed. The results showed that BSF larvae was able to convert Food waste (FW), Kitchen waste (KW), Vegetable waste (VW), Pig manure (PM), Dairy manure (DM) and Chicken manure (CM) into insect larvae biomass rich in protein and fat. Among all the treatments, the average length (19.0 mm and 17.1 mm) and weight (171.54 mg and 136.82 mg) of BSF larvae reared on FW and KW with 10 days were significantly higher than others. The crude protein content in BSF larvae meal was less affected by organic wastes. The BSF larvae meal reared on the six tested organic wastes exerted well amino acid profile. Though the total essential amino acid content of BSF larvae meal in our study was lower than that of fish meal and soybean meal, the valine content of BSF larvae meal in FW, KW and CM treatments was higher than that of fish meal and soybean, the isoleucine and valine content of BSF larvae meal in VW treatment was higher than that of fish meal and soybean, the histidine and valine content of BSF larvae meal in PM treatment was higher than that of fish meal and soybean. Thought the percentage of unsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid of BSF larvae reared on FW and KW with 10 days were lower than those reared on PM and DM, the highest crude fat content (42.13% and 37.49%) lead to the highest unsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid content. The feed/insect ratio (6.06 and 7.90) was significantly lower and the larvae conversion efficiency (59.40% and 52.07%) was significantly higher than the others when rearing BSF larvae with FW and KW, and the waste reduction (89.53% and 84.46%) was only lower than that in VW treatment (94.86%). Considering all the above indexes, the development and nutritional composition of BSF larvae were more superior than those of the other wastes when treating FW and KW, and the production performance was the best.