Secondary Structural and Phylogenetic Implications of Nuclear Large Subunit Ribosomal RNA in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Tricholoma matsutake |
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Authors: | Seon-Kap Hwang Jong-Guk Kim |
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Institution: | (1) Lab. of Insect Pathology & Genetic Engineering, Division of Applied Biology and Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea, KP |
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Abstract: | A number of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from sericultural farm, soil, and granary samples in Korea were found. B. thuringiensis isolates were predominant in granary (40%), followed by sericultural farm (33% and 25% in the spring and fall isolation),
and soil (10%). In toxicity tests for three areas, lepidopteran-active isolates were rich in the spring of sericultural farm
and granary, but the fall isolation of sericultural farm displayed that a large number of B. thuringiensis isolates having dual specificity against both lepidopteran and dipteran larvae were found. The soil showed even distribution
against lepidoptera and/or diptera. Most of B. thuringiensis isolates showed strong toxicity against tested insects. PCR analysis using cryI, cryII, cryIII, cryIV, and cryV gene-specific primers for determination of the cry gene contents of B. thuringiensis isolates indicated that the frequency of the cryIA, cryIC, cryID, and cryII among cry genes predominated, and the cryIB, cryIE, cryIF, cryIG, and cryIV were not popular. In contrast, no PCR products were detected for the cryIII and cryV templates. Several B. thuringiensis isolates produced unusual PCR products and complicated combinations consisting of multiple cry genes. Seven out of 11 B. thuringiensis isolates undetected by specific primers from sericultural farm, all out of 9 isolates from soil, and 19 out of 25 isolates
from granary were toxic to lepidoptera and/or diptera. In addition, five nontoxic isolates of sericultural farm, all of five
nontoxic isolates of soil, and 13 nontoxic isolates of granary produced the expected PCR products. PCR results showed varied
distribution of cry genes for three areas, respectively. An evaluation of this novel activity demands that several criteria be measured: the
frequency, flagellar serotype, crystal morphology, toxicity, and combination of the cry genes.
Received: 28 March 2000 / Accepted: 26 April 2000 |
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