Mammalian artificial chromosome pilot production facility: large-scale isolation of functional satellite DNA-based artificial chromosomes.

BACKGROUND: A pilot production facility has been established to isolate mammillian artificial chromosomes at high purity by using flow cytometric techniques. Dicentric chromosomes have been generated by the targeted amplification of pericentric heterochromatic and centromeric DNA by activating the "megareplicator." Breakage of these dicentric chromosomes generates satellite DNA-based artificial chromosomes (SATAC) from 60 to 400 megabases. METHODS: For large-scale production, we have developed cell lines capable of carrying one or two SATACs. A SATAC, because of a high adenine-thymine (AT) composition, is easily identified and sorted by using chromomycin A3 and Hoechst 33258 stains and a dual laser high-speed flow cytometer. A prototype SATAC (60 megabases) has been characterized. The prototype SATAC has been isolated from an original rodent/human hybrid cell line and transferred by using modified microcell fusion into a CHO production cell line. RESULTS: Metaphase chromosomes from this production cell line were isolated in a modified polyamine buffer, stained, and sorted by using a modified sheath buffer that maintains condensed chromosomes. SATACs are routinely sorted at rates greater than 1 million per hour. Sorted SATACs have been transferred to a variety of cells by using microcell fusion technology and were found to be functional. CONCLUSIONS: By developing new SATAC containing cell lines with fewer numbers of chromosomes in conjunction with operating a high speed flow sorter we have effectively generated an efficient production facility geared purely for the isolation of SATACs.