Unexpected co-occurrence of six bacterial symbionts in the gills of the cold seep mussel Idas sp. (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) |
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Authors: | Duperron Sébastien Halary Sébastien Lorion Julien Sibuet Myriam Gaill Françoise |
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Affiliation: | UMR 7138, Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution, UniversitéPierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.; Ifremer, Département Etude des Ecosystèmes Profonds, Centre de Brest, BP 70, 29263 Plouzané, France.; Laboratoire d'imagerie intégrative, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France. |
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Abstract: | Bathymodioline mussels occur in chemosynthesis-based ecosystems such as cold seeps, hydrothermal vents and organic debris worldwide. Their key adaptation to these environments is their association with bacterial endosymbionts which ensure a chemosynthetic primary production based on the oxidation of reduced compounds such as methane and sulfide. We herein report a multiple symbiosis involving six distinct bacterial 16S rRNA phylotypes, including two belonging to groups not yet reported as symbionts in mytilids, in a small Idas mussel found on carbonate crusts in a cold seep area located north to the Nile deep-sea fan (Eastern Mediterranean). Symbionts co-occur within hosts bacteriocytes based on fluorescence in situ hybridizations, and sequencing of functional genes suggests they have the potential to perform autotrophy, and sulfide and methane oxidation. Previous studies indicated the presence of only one or two symbiont 16S rRNA phylotypes in bathymodioline mussels. Together with the recent discovery of four bacterial symbionts in the large seep species Bathymodiolus heckerae , this study shows that symbiont diversity has probably been underestimated, and questions whether the common ancestor of bathymodioline mussels was associated with multiple bacteria. |
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