The shift from C-19 to C-21 steroid synthesis in spawning male common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is regulated by the inhibition of androgen production by progestogens produced by spermatozoa

There is a rapid shift in the steroidogenic pathway from androgen to progestogen production in spawning male common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism regulating this shift using in vitro cultures of testicular fragments and isolated sperm of spermiating male carp. The levels of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) continually increased for 48 h with or without gonadotropin (GtH) stimulation, suggesting that 11-KT is the principal androgen produced by carp testes. Ovine prolactin (oPRL) enhanced GtH-stimulated 11-KT production, but by itself had no effect. Gonadotropin, carp pituitary extract, and pregnenolone all enhanced the production of 11-KT, testosterone (T), and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-P) in a dose-dependent manner. No 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-P) was detected in response to any of these agents; 17 alpha,20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 alpha-P) was not measured. Both 17,20 beta-P and 17,20 alpha-P inhibited 11-KT production in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of either GtH, 17-P, or T. Isolated sperm and testicular fragment preparations both produced 17,20 beta-P and approximately tenfold more 17,20 alpha-P when incubated with 17-P. Only testicular fragments, however, produced 11-KT. We conclude that androgen synthesis occurs only within somatic cells of common carp testes. GtH, and perhaps PRL, stimulates the production of steroid precursors that, under normal physiological conditions, are metabolized to androgens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)