棉蚜迁飞型和居留型及其杂交后代飞行特性的比较研究

为了明确棉蚜种群飞行能力发生分化的遗传基础，本文对春季木槿上有翅棉蚜中的起飞个体和不起飞个体分别进行连续4代次和2代次的起飞特性选择。结果表明，棉蚜的起飞比率和起飞角度特性表现出了明显的选择响应，并筛选出了棉蚜的迁飞型(M)和居留型(S)。通过对棉蚜性蚜的诱导，摸索出了棉蚜性蚜交配及卵孵化的条件。对迁飞型(M)、居留型(S)、迁飞型和居留型的正反交后代（M♀×S♂，S♀×M♂）、夏季木槿上的滞留蚜（H）等5类棉蚜的起飞特性进行了比较研究。结果表明，迁飞型和居留型的正反交后代的起飞比率显著高于居留型，且稍高于迁飞型。迁飞型雌蚜与居留型雄蚜的杂交后代的起飞角度显著高于居留型和夏季木槿上的滞留蚜。居留型产生有翅蚜的比率低于迁飞型及其与居留型的正反交后代。棉蚜的起飞角度、起飞比率及有翅蚜产生能力表现出了较强的遗传效应。平均起飞时间虽然表现出迁飞型雌蚜与居留型雄蚜的杂交后代显著短于迁飞型雄蚜与居留型雌蚜的杂交后代及夏季木槿上的滞留蚜，但与迁飞型和居留型之间却无显著差异，表现出棉蚜起飞时间特性的遗传效应不明显。

Migratory and sedentary strains of Aphis gossypii Glover and the flight characteristics of their hybridized offspring

In order to confirm the genetic background of the population differentiation in light capacity of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, the selective tests for the taking-off behavior, sexual aphid inducement, and hybridized inheritance of taking-off characteristics were studied. The results showed that the selected response of the taking-off angle and taking-off rate were strong, and the migratory strain (M) with large taking-off angle and the sedentary strain (S) with high non-taking-off rate were screened through four and two successive selections, respectively. The conditions of sexuales producing, mating and egg hatching in the laboratory were found. The taking-off performances of the migratory strain (M), sedentary strain (S), hybridized offsprings of M and S (M♀×S♂, S♀×M♂), and the aphids stayed on the summer hibiscus tree (H) were compared. The results showed that the taking-off rates of the M, M♀×S♂ and S♀×M♂ were significantly higher than that of the S strain, and the taking-off angle of the M♀×S♂ was significantly larger than that of the S strain and the H aphids. The alate rate produced by the S was lower than those produced by the M, M♀×S♂ and S♀×M♂. These results indicated that the inheritance effect of the taking-off performance was strong. The time waiting for taking-off of M♀×S♂ was significant shorter than that of the M♂×S♀ offspring and H aphids, but there was no difference between the M strain and the S strain, indicating that the inheritance effect of the time waiting for taking-off was very weak.