肝窦内皮细胞生理功能及病理过程的分子机制

肝窦内皮细胞（liver sinusoidal endothelial cell，LSEC）是肝非实质细胞的主要细胞群，具有物质转运、吞噬、抗原提呈、免疫耐受等功能. 肝在遭到多种病原侵袭时，肝窦内皮细胞窗孔逐渐减少或消失，内皮下基膜形成，产生类似于连续型毛细血管的结构，这一过程称为肝窦毛细血管化. 它由多种因素引起，其过程极复杂，在多种肝病的发病前期阶段均有出现，近年来受到广泛关注. 而目前关于肝窦内皮细胞的生理功能及病理机制研究方面的系统总结仍少有报道. 本文对肝窦内皮细胞的生理功能及肝窦病理机制作一较为全面的综述. 除了阐述肝窦毛细血管化自身分子机制的研究进展外，还重点介绍了肝窦毛细血管化参与肝多种疾病发病过程的作用机制. 此外，对肝窦内皮细胞相关的研究方法也作了详细的介绍,为全面了解肝窦内皮细胞生理功能及肝窦毛细血管化的分子机理提供参考.

Physiological Function and Pathological Mechanisms of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) is a main population of liver non-parenchymal cells. LSEC has a number of important functions, such as filtration, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, immune tolerance. When liver is invaded by a variety of pathogens, LSECs lose fenestrations and form an underlying basement membrane, which are the characteristics of continuous endothelial cells, this process was called capillarization. LSEC capillarization is a complex life activity induced by several factors, and exists in the early stage of diverse liver diseases, thus attracted much attention on such a study. Herein, the research progress in the studies on the physiological function of LSEC and the molecular mechanisms of sinusoidal endothelial cell pathology were introduced in detail. First, the function of LSEC was summarized. Second, in addition to studies on the mechanisms of sinusoidal capillarization, the roles of sinusoidal capillarization in the mechanisms of diverse liver diseases were also showed. Finally, It would hopeful that this review can help to promote the studies on sinusoidal endothelial cells.