光温因子对大田冬小麦累积生物量的影响

为了探索光、温因子对冬小麦各生育阶段生物量的影响及冬小麦各组织器官生物量的变化规律，利用甘肃省西峰农业气象试验站1981-2008年冬小麦生产年度物候期、产量分析要素等观测资料、1995-2008年冬小麦生产年度三叶期、越冬期、拔节期、抽穗期、乳熟期及成熟期生物量测定资料及相应时段的温度、日照资料，分析了冬小麦生物量变化过程及光温因子综合作用辐热积对各生育阶段生物量的影响.结果表明：冬小麦全生育期生物量的累积过程呈“S”型曲线，抽穗期、乳熟期生物量达到最大.自1981年以来，抽穗期、乳熟期的辐热积以3.314 MJ·m^-2·a^-1的速度上升，其他各生育阶段辐热积随年份呈抛物线变化；返青期、拔节期及乳熟期、成熟期辐热积在20世纪90年代较大，20世纪80年代及21世纪初较小；拔节期、抽穗期辐热积在20世纪90年代较小，20世纪80年代及21世纪初较大.各生育阶段辐热积与产量相关显著.各生育阶段的叶面积指数与该阶段的辐热积利用率呈显著相关，拔节期及抽穗期叶面积指数增加1，其辐热积利用率分别增加0.049和0.259 g·MJ^-1.

Influence of light and temperature factors on biomass accumulation of winter wheat in field

To explore the influence of light and temperature factors on the biomass accumulation of winter wheat at its development stages and in different organs, this paper analyzed the variation patterns of the biomass accumulation and the influence of TEP (thermal effectiveness photosynthetically active radiation) on the accumulation at each development stage, based on the observation data from the Xifen Agrometeorological Experiment Station in Gansu Province, including winter wheat phenophase and yield factors in 1981-2008, biomass at three-leaf, over-wintering, jointing, heading, milky maturity, and maturity stages in 1995-2008, and meteorological data in 1995-2008. The biomass accumulation of winter wheat in its whole growth period presented “S” curve, with the maximum value at heading-milky maturity stage. Since 1981, the TEP at heading-milky maturity stage increased with a rate of 3.314 MJ·m^-2·a^-1, and the TEP at other stages varied as parable curves. The TEP at turning green-jointing and milky maturity-maturity stages had a higher value in the 1990s and a lower value in  the  1980s and early 21st century, while that at jointing heading stage had a lower value in the 1990s but a higher value in the 1980s and early 21st century. There was a significant correlation between the TEP at each development stage and the actual yield. The LAI (leaf area index) at each development stage also had a significant correlation with the utilization rate of TEP at corresponding stage. When the LAI at jointing and heading stages was increased by 1, the utilization rate of TEP was correspondingly increased by 0.049 and 0.259 g·MJ^-1, respectively.