1. Oki Marine Biological Station, Education and Research Center for Biological Resources, Shimane University, 194 Kamo, Okinoshima-cho, Oki, Shimane 685-0024, Japan;2. Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-2-1 Otsuka, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan;3. Department of Molecular Sensory Systems, Center for Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR), 53175 Bonn, Germany;4. Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan;5. Documentary Channel Co. Ltd., Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0844, Japan;6. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan;7. Section of Individual Researches, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan;8. Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, 50019 Florence, Italy
Abstract:
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Highlights? Small, sneaky squid males produce spermatozoa that swarm to CO2 ? Sneaker, but not consort, sperm acidify their intracellular pH due to extracellular acidification by carbonic anhydrase ? Recovery from intracellular acidosis evokes Ca2+-dependent chemotactic swarming ? Swarming by sneaker sperm might be an evolutionary adaptation to mating tactics
