Gray Ukrainian cattle and their closely related forms

Data of previous investigations on the origin of Gray Ukrainian cattle and their relatives in European countries are duscussed. Literature data on the biodiversity of the exterior, phenotypic, and productive indices of ecotypes and breed groups of Gray Ukrainian cattle under various environmental and geographical conditions are reported, which are supplemented with our own experimental data on the differentiation of a number of genetic-biochemical systems of different groups of Gray Ukrainian cattle raised under various environmental and geographic conditions.