Biological Control and Use of Adjuvants against Multiple Seeded Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) in Comparison with Several Other Cocklebur Types |
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Authors: | H. K. Abbas B. J. Johnson D. J. Pantone R. Hines |
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Affiliation: | a USDA-ARS SWSRU MS 38776 Stoneville.b TAES Texas A&M University TX 76502 Temple.c University of Illinois Department of Crop Sciences, DSAC IL 62985 Simpson. |
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Abstract: | Common cocklebur has several biotypes including multiple seeded cocklebur (MSC), NCC-TX, and NCC-MS. Alternaria helianthi applied at 2.5×104 conidia mL-1 in a 50% micro-emulsion of unrefined corn oil (MESUCO) or 0.2% Silwet L 77 caused 60-75% mortality on NCC-TX and MSC. Increasing the conidial concentration to 5×104 mL-1 increased mortality to 100% on MSC and NCC-TX, and 75% on NCC-MS. At 10×104 conidia mL-1, A. helianthi caused 100% mortality in all three biotypes. No mortality occurred in any biotype at inoculation rates of 2.5 and 5×104 conidia mL-1 when applied in water. Increasing the dew period from 0 to 12 h increased mortality from 0 to 100% on all three biotypes at a rate of 2.5×104 conidia mL-1 in Silwet and MESUCO. MSC appears to be the most sensitive biotype. |
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Keywords: | Cocklebur (Xanthium Strumarium L.) Biotype Multiple Seeded Cocklebur Biological Control Alternaria Helianthi Formulation |
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