红瓜叶营养成分及作为野生蔬菜的评价

分析了红瓜(Coccinia gradis)嫩茎叶的矿物质、微量元素、蛋白质、氨基酸和维生素含量，并与常用7种栽培蔬菜的含量进行了比较。结果发现，红瓜嫩茎叶中矿物质K、P(除芹菜)，微量元素Fe、Mg(除蕹菜)、Se和Zn的含量均高于7种蔬菜。红瓜嫩叶中硫氨素、核黄素和尼克酸含量远高于对照的7种栽培蔬菜。采用模糊识别法和氨基酸系数比值法，分别以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准蛋白，以WHO／FAO必需氨基酸参考模式为评价标准，对红瓜嫩茎叶中蛋白质营养价值进行了评价，并与7种栽培蔬菜蛋白质进行对照比较。结果表明红瓜嫩茎叶蛋白质含量为2．1％(鲜重)，蛋白质中氨基酸种类齐全，氨基酸含量93．8％，必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的42％，第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(Met Cys)。红瓜嫩茎叶蛋白质中必需氨基酸贴近度(以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准)0．8070，氨基酸比值系数分(以WHO／FAO必需氨基酸参考模式)71．946，均高于对照的7种栽培蔬菜。

The Nutritional Contents of Coccinia grandis and Its Evaluation as a Wild Vegetable

Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae) distributed naturally in Yunnan, Guanxi, Guangdong and Hainan provinces of southern China, tropical Asian, India, Australia and Africa.Its tender leaves and stems is used as a valuable wild vegetable by indigenous people of Southeast Asia and India. The nutritional contents including mineral elements,protein,amino acids and vitamins of the fresh tender leaves and stems,were compared with Apium graveolens,Asparagus officinalis,Brasenia schreberi,Glycine max,Ipomoea aquatica,Kalimeris indica and Lactuca sativa var.lonifolia.The results demonstrated that the content of mineral elements of C.grandis is the highest in potassium (K),phosphorous (P)(except A.graveolens);iron (Fe),magnesium (Mg) (except I.aquatica),zinc(Zn) and selenium (Se).The content of vitamins in tender leaves of C.grandis is the highest in thiamine,riboflavin and niacin.Taking the egg protein as standard protein and WHO/FAO reference model of essential amino acid (EAA) as an appraisal criterion,the protein of C.grandis was compared with those of the 7 vegetables,by means of fuzzy discrimination and the method of ratio coefficient of amino acid respectively.The results indicated that the protein content of C.grandis reaches up to 2.1% (in fresh).Its gross protein is rich in all kind of amino acid, which accounts for 93.8%.EAA take up 42% of total amino acid.The first limiting amino acid is sulfur-containing amino acid,Met and Cys.The close degree of the protein in C.grandis is 0.8070 in comparison with that of egg and its score of ratio coefficient of amino acid is 71.946.Undoubtedly the protein quality of C.grandis is far superior to that of the 7 vegetables.