Testosterone change after losing predicts the decision to compete again |
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Authors: | Mehta Pranjal H Josephs Robert A |
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Affiliation: | Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A8000, Austin, TX 78712-0187, USA. pmehta@mail.utexas.edu |
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Abstract: | Testosterone (T) levels can fluctuate after wins and losses, but surprisingly, there are no empirical studies in humans that have tested whether these post-competition T changes predict the social behaviors that follow. The present study examined whether changes in T after losing in a competition predicted who wanted to compete again in a second competition. Sixty-four males provided saliva samples immediately before and 15 min after a rigged one-on-one competition. After the second saliva sample, participants chose whether or not to compete again against the same competitor. Winners did not increase in T relative to losers, but pre-competition cortisol, change in cortisol, and pre-competition T were associated with T changes, especially in losers. Importantly, changes in T predicted decisions to compete again in losers. Losers who increased in T were more likely to choose to compete again than losers who decreased in T. T changes were unrelated to decisions to compete again in winners. These findings provide novel data in humans that T changes after a status loss predict subsequent social behavior. Our discussion focuses on the theoretical implications of these findings for the link between short-term T changes and status-related behaviors. |
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Keywords: | Testosterone Cortisol Status Competition Humans Decisions Affect Social behavior |
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