The ultrastructure of the otolithic membrane and otolith in the juvenile mummichog,Fundulus heteroclitus

The sagitta otolithic membrane of Fundulus heteroclitus consists of two different zones. A structured zone (gelatinous layer), which usually exhibits a reticulated or honeycomb-like architecture, is composed of tightly arranged fibrous material and covers only the sensory region of the macula. The gelatinous layer extends from the otolith surface to the tips of the sensory hairs, and probably functions primarily as a mechanoreceptor. The arrangement of this zone is closely associated with specific overlying structural features of the otolith surface and may also influence the pattern of mineral deposition to some degree. A nonstructured zone (subcupular meshwork) consists of fibers in very loose networks and covers both sensory and nonsensory regions of the macula. Over the sensory region, some of this fibrous material extends from the epithelial surface, through pores in the gelatinous layer, to the surface of the overlying otolith. In the nonsensory region, fibers of the subcupular meshwork are relatively more numerous and extend around the peripheral margin of the otolith. Evidence is presented which suggests that the fibrous material of the subcupular meshwork is incorporated into the otolith as an organic matrix constituent. New aspects on the ultrastructure of the otolith are presented and discussed.