Transport Exchange of Carbon,Nitrogen and Water in the Context of Whole Plant Growth and Functioning — Case History of a Nodulated Annual Legume

The economy of carbon, nitrogen and water during growth of nodulated, nitrogen-fixing plants of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) was studied by measuring C, N and H₂O content of plant parts, concentrations of C and N in bleeding sap of xylem and phloem, transpirational losses of whole shoots and shoot parts, and daily exchanges of CO₂ between shoot and root parts and the surrounding atmosphere. Relationships were studied between water use and dry matter accumulation of shoot and fruits, and between net photosynthesis rate and leaf area, transpiration rate and nitrogen fixation. Conversion efficiencies were computed for utilization of net photosynthate for nitrogen fixation and for production of dry matter and protein in seeds. Partitioning of the plant's intake of C, N and H₂O was described in terms of growth, transpiration, and respiration of plant parts. An empirically-based model was developed to describe transport exchanges in xylem and phloem for a 10-day interval of growth. The model depicted quantitatively the mixtures of xylem and phloem streams which matched precisely the recorded amounts of C, N and H₂O assimilated, absorbed or consumed by the various parts of the plant. The model provided information on phloem translocation of carbon and nitrogen to roots from shoots, the cycling of carbon and nitrogen through leaves, the relationship between transpiration and nitrogen partitioning to shoot organs through the xylem, the relative amount of the plant's water budget committed to phloem translocation, and the significance of xylem to phloem transfer of nitrogen in stems as a means of supplying nitrogen to apical regions of the shoot.