综述与专论：细菌的信号转导系统及其在耐药中的作用

耐药菌的日益增多给临床治疗带来巨大的困难,揭示耐药机制成为遏制耐药菌的基本环节。细菌的信号系统是菌体之间信息交流的主要渠道,在调控细菌耐药性方面发挥重要的作用。本文梳理了细菌双组分系统、群体感应系统、第二信使、吲哚等细菌信号系统(分子)与细菌耐药性的关系,总结了各信号系统调控细菌耐药性的机制和途径,包括调控生物膜的形成、调节药物外排泵的活性、激活抗生素灭活酶、提高耐药基因表达水平、促进耐药基因转移、修饰细胞壁结构等,涉及到细菌耐药的多个环节。各信号系统不仅可以独立调控耐药,还可以互相作用,形成调控网络,从多个层面调节细菌耐药性。因此,靶向细菌信号系统,阻断菌体之间的信号联络,有望成为遏制细菌耐药性日益严重的新策略。

Review: Study on Bacterial Signal Transduction Systems and The Roles in Drug Resistance

The increasing number of drug-resistant bacteria has brought great difficulties to clinical treatment, revealing the mechanism of drug resistance has become one of the basic ways to curb drug-resistant bacteria. Bacterial signaling system is the main channels of information exchange between bacteria and plays an important role in the regulation of bacterial drug resistance. This paper reviews the relationship between bacterial two-component system, quorum sensing signaling system, the second messengers, indole and other bacterial signal systems (molecules) and bacterial drug resistance, and summarizes the mechanisms and pathways of regulating drug resistance. It mainly includes regulating biofilm formation, regulating the activity of drug efflux system, activating antibiotic inactivation enzyme, improving drug-resistant gene expression level, promoting drug-resistant gene transfer, modifying cell wall structure, etc., which involves all links of bacterial drug resistance. Each signaling system can not only regulate drug resistance independently, but also cooperate with each other to form a regulatory network to regulate bacterial drug resistance at multiple levels. The above phenomenon indicates that bacterial signal transduction system plays a pivotal role in regulating bacterial drug resistance. Blocking or jamming the signaling system and cutting off the communication signals between bacteria could be a new strategy to curb the growing resistance of bacteria.