土地利用结构变化对区域生态健康的影响——以重庆市沙坪坝区为例

运用景观生态学原理与方法,对重庆市沙坪坝区近10年土地利用变化进行研究;通过对土地利用类型赋予相应的相对生态价值,探讨土地利用结构变化对区域生态健康状况的影响.结果表明,各土地利用类型间相互转移,各时段土地利用结构差异明显;不同土地利用结构下,各子生态系统的相对生态价值高低悬殊,对区域生态健康的贡献程度表现不一;从总体上看,区域相对生态价值在研究时段内有升有降;未来各生态子系统的相对生态价值变化可表现为:先降后升区、持续下降区和持续增长区3种趋势;区域生态健康状况趋势由较健康型向健康型转变.

Effects of land use structure change on regional ecological health-Taking Shapingba County of Chongqing as an example

Land resource is the carrier for the exchange of matter,energy and information flows,while the change velocity and the intensity of land use has strong effects on the ecological processes such as matter circulation,energy flow,and biologic diversity.Land use structure change will alter the type,area,and spatial distribution of ecosystem,and in the meantime,result in the changes of regional ecological health.Employing the principles and methods of landscape ecology,and through endowing relative ecological value to land use type,this paper analyzed the characteristics of recent 10 years land use change in Shapingba County of Chongqing,and discussed the effects of land use change on regional ecological health,aimed to provide scientific references for land use planning and sustainable land resource utilization.The results indicated that transformation often occurred among different land use types,and the land use structure in each transformation phase differed quite obviously.Under different land use structure,there was a great disparity in relative ecological value of sub-ecosystems,which played various roles in regional ecological health.In general,the regional relative ecological value embodied both increase and decrease.In the future,the relative ecological value of sub-ecosystem would represent three tendencies,i.e.,increase first and decrease then,continuous decrease,and continuous increase.The situation of regional ecological health would gradually become better.