云南16个少数民族群体的线粒体DNA多态性研究

利用PCR—RFLP法对傣族、白族、蒙古族、彝族等10个少数民族的16个群体共654人进行了mtDNA编码区多态性分析，共检测到17种单倍群，其中4种为未能确认的单倍群。单倍群频率分布和主成分图共同显示，百越系的3个民族共6个群体有高频的B、F单倍群，聚集在图的下部，表现出鲜明的南方群体特征；蒙古族的2个群体有高频的A、D单倍群，聚在图的上部，具有典型的北方群体特征；氐羌系的5个民族共7个群体全部或绝大多数都兼有南北方高频单倍群，位于图的中间，提示他们同时具有南北方群体的一些母系遗传特征。同一民族不同群体间的单倍群频率分布存在差异，但差异不很大，一般小于不同族源民族间的差异，但不一定都小于同一族源民族间的差异。

Genetic Polymorphism of Mitochondrial DNA in Coding Region in 16 Ethnic Populations of Yunnan

The genetic polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA in the coding region in 16 ethnic populations of Yunnan was analyzed using PCR-RFLP in a total of 654 samples.Seventeen haplogroups were found,four of which were undefined haplogroups.Haplogroup distribution and Principal Component (PC) analysis showed that the ethnic groups descended from Bai-Yue tribe have B,F and M7 as the predominant haplogroups,which indicated their origination from southern China.Haplogroup A,D and N9 were predominant in the Mongolian ethnic group,reflecting their north-originated characteristics.The groups descended from Di-Qiang tribe shared the predominant haplogroups with both the south and north originated groups,which demonstrated that they inherit the maternal characteristics from both southern and northern populations.There is genetic difference among the populations in the same ethnic group and is usually smaller than that among the ethnic groups from different ancient tribes,but not necessarily smaller than that among the groups from the same tribe.