Molecular dynamics simulations of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α structures in water

AMBER v. 4.1 force field in 1.5 ns NPT molecular dynamics simulations of murine epidermal growth factor (mEGF), human epidermal growth factor (hEGF), and human transforming growth factor-α (hTGF-α) structures with explicit TIP3P solvation were used to investigate differences in backbone stability, changes in secondary structure, interdomain flexibility, and weakly polar interactions. Backbone root mean square deviations of sections of each peptide show that the most stable regions in mEGF and hEGF are the A-, B-, and C-loops, whereas the most stable regions in hTGF-α are the A- and B-loops. The secondary structure in the B-loops of mEGF and hEGF differ significantly from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structures of mEGF and hEGF. The position and type of turns in the B-loop of mEGF and hEGF increase the interstrand distance of the antiparallel β-sheets thereby disrupting their structure. The interdomain flexibility of simulated hTGF-α structure is greater than in either mEGF or hEGF. The ϕ, ψ dihedrals of hTGF-α occupy two distinct populations of phase space corresponding to either a C or an α-helical conformation. This change in dihedral angle is stabilized by Phe¹⁵ with Arg⁴² and Phe¹⁷ with Arg⁴² N-π weakly polar interactions that are present only in hTGF-α but not in mEGF or hEGF. Proteins 33:396–407, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.