辽宁省水稻品种品质性状及亲缘关系变化分析

为了解辽宁省水稻品种品质性状及亲缘关系的演变情况,对1991-2015年审定的257份水稻品种进行品质性状分析,并通过亲缘系数、系谱分析了解品种间的亲缘关系和骨干亲本的应用。结果表明,25年来辽宁省水稻品种随着时间的推进表现出子粒变长、变宽,垩白度减少,透明度、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度下降的趋势。总体上随着时间的推进,品种品质性状的相似度和优质率逐步提高。但由于品质性状在不同年份的变异程度有所不同,品质性状的综合表现差异依然较大。随着时间的推进,水稻品种间亲缘系数表现出先下降后上升的特点,每个亲本直接育成品种数呈现出上升趋势。257份水稻品种共形成22个骨干亲本,利用的骨干亲本也越来越集中,丰锦、辽粳5号、辽粳326、辽粳454、辽粳294、辽星1号是辽宁省水稻育种中重要的优质骨干亲本。今后辽宁省水稻优质品种选育过程中应在利用现有骨干亲本的基础上,拓宽品种遗传基础,将外观品质、加工品质的优化作为品质改良的主要方向。

Analysis of Quality Character and Relationship Variation of Rice from Liaoning Province

In order to understand the evolution of quality character and relationship of rice from Liaoning province, we performed quality character analysis on 257 rice varieties approved by Liaoning Province variety examine and approve committee from1991to 2015, and investigated relationship and application of backbone parent by means of coefficient of parentage and pedigree analysis. The results showed the grain became long and broadened, chalkiness degree decreased, transparence, amylase content and gel consistence reduced of rice varieties from Liaoning province years from 1991 to 2015 with time marching. The similarity and high quality rate of variety quality character improved. Comprehensive performance difference was larger because of the different variation degree in different years. The coefficient of parentage decreased and then increased. The numbers of variety directly bred form each parent presented a kind of increased situation. The 22 backbone parental formed on 257 rice varieties. Utilization of backbone parental had been increasingly concentrated. Toyonihiki, Liaojing5, Liaojing326, Liaojing454, Liaojing294, Liaoxing1 were important quality backbone parental for rice breeding in Liaoning. So we should widen genetic basis in the quality rice breeding process on basis of utilization of backbone parental, optimized the appearance quality, processing quality and others by way of main road for quality selection.