Leaf flavonoid glycosides as chemosystematic characters in Ocimum |
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Affiliation: | 1. Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK;2. Department of Botany, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka;3. Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK;1. Heliospectra AB, Göteborg, Sweden;2. Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden;1. Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;2. The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA;1. CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Research Centre, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263149, India;2. CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India;3. CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Research Centre, Purara, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand, 263641, India;1. Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA, 50011, USA;2. Department of Biomedical Science, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA, 50011, USA;3. Knipling-Bushland United States Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA |
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Abstract: | Thirty-one accessions of nine species belonging to three subgenera of Ocimum (basil, family Lamiaceae) were surveyed for flavonoid glycosides. Substantial infraspecific differences in flavonoid profiles of the leaves were found only in O. americanum, where var. pilosum accumulated the flavone C-glycoside, vicenin-2, which only occurred in trace amounts in var. americanum and was not detected in cv. Sacred. The major flavonoids in var. americanum and cv. Sacred, and also in all other species investigated for subgenus Ocimum, were flavonol 3-O-glucosides and 3-O-rutinosides. Many species in subgenus Ocimum also produced the more unusual compound, quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)glucoside, and small amounts of flavone O-glycosides. The level of flavonol glycosides produced was reduced significantly in glasshouse-grown plants, but levels of flavone glycosides were unaffected. A single species investigated from subgenus Nautochilus, O. lamiifolium, had a different flavonoid glycoside profile, although the major compound was also a flavonol O-glycoside. This was identified as quercetin 3-O-xylosyl(1‴→2″)galactoside, using NMR spectroscopy. The species investigated from subgenus Gymnocimum, O. tenuiflorum (=O. sanctum), was characterised by the accumulation of flavone O-glycosides. These were isolated, and identified as the 7-O-glucuronides of luteolin and apigenin. Luteolin 5-O-glucoside was found in all nine species of Ocimum studied, and is considered to be a key character for the genus. |
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