Flower scent composition in night-flowering Silene species (Caryophyllaceae) |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany;2. Department of Systematic Botany and Ecology, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany;1. Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell''Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, SP 04301-902, Brazil;2. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, SP 04301-902, Brazil;3. Núcleo de Pesquisa Orquidário do Estado, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, SP 04301-902, Brazil;1. Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran;3. Research Center of for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran;1. Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, BVpam FRE 3727, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France;2. International Flavors and Fragrances – Laboratoire Monique Rémy (IFF-LMR Naturals), Parc Industriel des Bois de Grasse, 18/20 Avenue Joseph Honoré Isnard, F-06130, Grasse, France;3. Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, e Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Torino, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Floral scent of 13 night-flowering Silene species (Caryophyllaceae) was collected by headspace adsorption and analysed via gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Benzenoids together with isoprenoids dominated the scent in all species. Among the benzenoids, benzaldehyde (Silene subconica 35.5%, Silene succulenta 23.1%, Silene sericea 15.6%, Silene vulgaris 12.2%, and Silene nutans 9.9%), methylbenzoate (Silene saxifraga 96.1%, S. succulenta 15.2%), benzyl acetate (Silene dichotoma 37.8%, S. nutans 30.1%, Silene italica 9.0%, and Silene latifolia 5.5%), or benzyl alcohol (Silene viscosa 36.1%) occur in the largest amounts. p-Cresol is only found in the floral scent of S. dichotoma (28.5%). Among the isoprenoids, monoterpenes occur in the largest amounts (myrcene 23% in Silene chlorantha, trans-β-ocimene 27.2% in S. nutans and 34.9% in S. sericea, fenchyl acetate 12.7% in S. chlorantha, β-linalool 40.5% in S. chlorantha and 14.5% in S. italica). Relatively high amounts of lilac compounds occur in S. latifolia (49.1%), Silene otites (35.7%), S. subconica (15.2%), and S. vulgaris (59.6%). Higher amounts of sesquiterpenes (isoprenoids) were only found in Silene vallesia with β-bourbonene and γ-muurolene.The vast majority of chemicals identified are common components of a wide array of scented angiosperm flowers. Nevertheless, the results conform most strongly with the findings in other night-blooming and/or moth-pollinated flowers. All investigated Silene species follow the general trend of floral scent compounds typical for moth-pollinated flowers, i.e. flowers having acyclic terpene alcohols (e.g. linalool), aromatic alcohols (benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol) and esters derived from them, and small amounts of nitrogen-containing compounds. |
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