基于生态系统服务层级关联性的景感营造实现途径

生态系统服务是建设人类与生态系统和谐共处的桥梁，景感营造是维持可持续发展的重要途径。然而两者之间的关系并不清晰，这限制了景感营造的实践和功能发挥。从人类需求的角度论证了生态系统服务的层级关联性，生态系统所提供的支持服务、供给服务、调节服务和文化服务具有依次发展的层级关系并且各服务之间相互协同。生态系统服务为景感营造提供愿景与载体，景感营造保持、改善与增强生态系统服务，景感营造的作用与生态系统服务的效能相辅相成。最后基于生态系统服务的层级关联性与可持续发展的建设路径提出景感营造的实现途径：（1）生态系统服务供给的物质愿景与载体通过农业景观、大地艺术的建造方式体现物质的精神内涵；（2）生态系统服务提供的精神愿景与载体通过建设文化景观、展现生态文化的方式把精神内涵物质化。不同景感营造途径的构建其目的都是通过生态系统各类型服务之间的协同作用来实现景感的整体化表达从而增强可持续发展。本研究分析结果有助于为生态系统服务价值衡量和景感生态规划提供理论基础。

The realization ways of landsense creation based on the hierarchical relationships of ecosystem services

Ecosystem service is a bridge for building a harmonious relationship between human and ecosystems. Landsens creation is an important way of maintaining sustainable development. However, the relationship between both of these remains unclear which limits the practice and function of landsense creation. From a human demand perspective, this paper demonstrates the hierarchical relationship of ecosystem services. Support, supply, regulatory and cultural services which are provided by ecosystems have hierarchical relationships of orderly development and the services are mutually coordinated. Ecosystem services provide vision and carriers for landsense creation, which maintains, improves and enhances ecosystem services. The role of landsense creation and the effectiveness of ecosystem services complement each other. Finally, based on the hierarchical relationships of ecosystem services and the construction path of sustainable development, two approaches for landscape creation are proposed. Firstly, the material vision and carriers of ecosystem service supply realize the spiritual connotation of the material by building agricultural landscapes and earth art. Secondly, for the spiritual vision and carriers of ecosystem services, the spiritual connotation should be realized through building cultural landscapes and showing ecological culture. The purpose of constructing in different ways from a landsense creation perspective is to realize the overall expression of landsense and enhance sustainable development through the synergy between various types of services within an ecosystem. This research will help provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem service value measurement and ecological landsense planning.