城市建筑群三维空间布局评价与优化——以厦门岛滨海地带为例

随着城市化进程的快速推进，城市建设带来了土地资源紧张，使得越来越多的城市向着高层化、立体化、智能化方向发展；城市建筑群三维空间的最优布局是城市集约化发展的基础条件。针对现阶段的城市建筑群三维空间布局存在一些不足，构建城市建筑群三维空间布局的评估方法体系。以厦门岛滨海地带为研究区，基于多源、多空间分辨率遥感影像数据，从建筑景观、热环境和视觉效果3个角度评价厦门岛滨海地带三维空间格局的现状；并总结城市三维空间布局优化发展模式；从建筑景观、热环境和视觉效果这三个角度提出了厦门岛滨海地带城市建筑三维空间的布局优化建议。三维空间布局评价的结果表明：（1）从建筑景观角度，不同功能建筑群与容积率关系：商业区容积率最高，其次是商品房居住区，文教区占地面积广且建筑密度低，民房居住区的容积率是最低的但其建筑密度高；（2）从热环境角度，考虑温度因素，建筑群建筑密度过大、建筑层数过多都会造成温度较高；（3）从视觉效果角度，研究区具有宽广的视觉空间和宽阔海面，与以山体为背景的天际线形成了鲜明的对比。此外，提出优化低层建筑和合理布局中高层建筑的建筑容积率，设计建筑形态多样化和优化天际线前景、中景和背景的层次布局，可提高厦门岛的城市建筑群三维空间布局。本研究可为厦门岛滨海地带的城市建筑群三维空间布局优化提供基础数据支持与技术支撑，为城市土地资源规划等政府部门提供决策支持，对城市建筑群三维空间的合理利用和景观优化具有重要意义；也为我国其他城市的可持续发展研究提供新的科学理论依据和参考借鉴。

Evaluation and optimization of three-dimensional spatial distribution for urban complex: A case study on the coastal zone of Xiamen Island

With the rapid progress of urbanization, urban construction has brought about the shortage of land resources, which makes more and more cities develop towards high-rise, three-dimensional and intelligent development. The optimal layout of three-dimensional space of urban buildings is the basic condition for the intensive development of the city. In view of the current deficiencies in the three-dimensional space layout of urban buildings at present, this study constructs an evaluation system of the three-dimensional space layout of urban buildings. Taking the coastal zone of Xiamen Island as the research area, based on multi-source and multi-spatial resolution remote sensing image data, evaluate the current situation of the three-dimensional spatial structure of the architectural complex in the coastal area of Xiamen Island from the three perspectives of architectural landscape, thermal environment and visual effect. And summarized the urban tfhree-dimensional spatial layout optimization development mode. Finally, from the three perspectives of architectural landscape, thermal environment and visual effects, suggestions for the optimization of the three-dimensional space layout of the coastal zone of Xiamen Island are proposed. The evaluation results of three-dimensional space layout show that: (1) From the perspective of architectural landscape, the relationship between different functional buildings and floor area ratio is as follows: commercial area have the highest floor area ratio, followed by commercial housing residential areas; cultural and educational areas cover a wide area and have low building density; civilian residential areas have the lowest floor area ratios but have high building density; (2) From the perspective of thermal environment, considering the temperature factor, excessive building density and too many building floors will cause higher temperatures; (3) From the perspective of visual effect, the study area has a broad visual space, which is in a sharp contrast with the skyline with the mountain as the background. In addition, it is proposed to improve the floor area ratio of low-rise buildings, rationally arrange the floor area ratio of middle and high-rise buildings, and design diversification of building forms and highlight the hierarchy of skyline foreground, middle scene and background, so as to optimize the three-dimensional spatial layout of of the urbanl buildings of Xiamen Island. This study can provide basic data support and technical support for three-dimensional space layout optimization of the urban buildings in the coastal zone of Xiamen Island, and provide decision support for government departments such as urban land resource planning. It is of great significance for rational utilization of the three-dimensional space and landscape optimization of the urban buildings. It also provides new theoretical basis and reference for the study of sustainable development of other cities in our country.