基于景感生态学的城市生态空间服务提升研究——以北京市顺义区为例

景感生态学思想融合自然要素、物理感知、心理认知等方面,并服务于土地利用与建设。北京市在迈向建设国际一流的和谐宜居之都目标过程中,极为重视城市居民对城市生态空间的感知和互动,充分体现了将城市生态空间与人居环境质量和心理健康耦合分析的景感生态学的理念。从结合景感生态学中景感营造的思想和顺义区生态规划实践的角度出发,分析了顺义区生态空间景观格局和视觉空间格局。结果表明,顺义区的森林、草地、湿地等斑块相对比较破碎,中心城区的森林、绿地较少;顺义区具有中等以下绿视率的路段长度占比近60%,中等以上水平尤其是较高水平绿视率的路段较少,具有较大的通过景感营造提升生态服务的空间。进而以提升顺义区的城市生态空间服务为目标,总结出了生态空间景观格局优化、视觉空间格局优化、生态空间科学规划及管控、生态系统服务综合提升4个核心愿景,并基于这4个愿景提出了针对性的景感营造措施。

Research on the improvement of urban ecological space service base on landsenses ecology: a case study in Shunyi District, Beijing

Landsenses ecology integrates natural factors, physical perception, psychological cognition and other aspects, and serves land use and construction. In fulfilling the vision and goal of building the world-leading harmonious and livable capital, Beijing attaches great importance to the perception and interaction of urban residents with urban ecological space, which is a vivid embodiment of the concept of landsenses ecology coupling the urban ecological space with the living environment quality and mental health. Ecological space is of great significance for maintaining regionally ecological security and biodiversity, improving the quality of human settlements, and promoting regionally sustainable development. This study analyzed the landscape pattern of the ecological space and visual space pattern in Shunyi District combining the idea of landsense creation in landsenses ecology with the ecological planning practice of Shunyi District. The results show that in terms of the landscape pattern of the ecological space, the proportion of the ecological space dominated by forest, grassland, farmland and wetland has reached 65%, but the patches of forest, grassland and wetland in Shunyi District were relatively fragmented. There are large patches of settlement near the Beijing Capital International Airport, and there are few forests and green spaces around the airport and the central city. In terms of visually spatial pattern, the highways and lower-grade roads in Shunyi District mostly have higher green view, the spatial distribution of green view in county roads is uneven, and the green view of roads in the center of the district is generally low. Overall, the length of the road sections with the medium and lower-medium green view was nearly 60%, and there were fewer road sections having the above-average green view, especially the high-level green view. Therefore, there remain large room for improving the ecological service by landsenses creation. Furthermore, this study aimed to improve the urban ecological space services of Shunyi District and summarized four core visions of ecological space landscape pattern optimization, visual space pattern optimization, scientific planning and management of ecological space, and comprehensive improvement of ecosystem services. Based on the four visions, the targeted measures for landscape creation were proposed, including strengthening the ecological protection of shallow mountainous areas, constructing leisure and recreation zone along the shallow mountains and Chaobai River, increasing the quality of the visual space of Shunyi District, improving the ecological space leisure and recreation services in Shunyi District, clarifying the urban ecological space planning, strictly observing the ecological protection red line, improving landscape diversity, and constructing ecological corridors, etc.